IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/caa/jnlcjg/v51y2015i4id104-2015-cjgpb.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Transgenic flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) - expectations and reality

Author

Listed:
  • Michaela LUDVÍKOVÁ

    (Plant Biotechnology Department, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic)

  • Miroslav GRIGA

    (Plant Biotechnology Department, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic)

Abstract

This review summarizes the history, important milestones, current status and perspectives of biotech flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), supplemented with some of our original research, breeding and data on environmentalsafety. We show how recent biotechnology methods and genetic engineering contributed to the flax/linseed breeding in order to speed up the breeding process (doubled haploids technology; in vitro selection with the use of pathogenic toxins or heavy metals; genetic transformation) and for the creation of new flax/linseed cultivars. The focus is laid on genetic engineering which represents an excellent technology to enrich the flax/linseed genepool with genes of interest, which are not naturally present in the flax/linseed genome. Different methods of flax transformation are mentioned, as well as various genes of interest that have been used for flax transformation to date aimed at improving transgenic flax properties, affecting both qualitative and quantitative traits. The fatty acid content and composition, the lignan (especially secoisolariciresinol diglucoside - SDG) content, flax fibre quality, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to diseases belong, among others, to flax traits that have already been modified by genetic engineering. Selection genes, reporter genes and also promoters that have been used for the vector construction are also summarized. This paper describes different fields of utilization of genetically modified (GM) flax with different improved properties. The history of the only so far officially registered transgenic linseed cultivar Triffid is described in detail. Finally, potential risks and benefits of flax modification are evaluated and also the prime expectations of GM flax and real current state of this technology compared. Unfortunately, the products created by this technology are under strict (albeit not scientifically-based) legislative/political control in the European Union (EU), which prevents the access of products, created by breeders using this top technology, to the EU market.

Suggested Citation

  • Michaela LUDVÍKOVÁ & Miroslav GRIGA, 2015. "Transgenic flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) - expectations and reality," Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 51(4), pages 123-141.
  • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:104-2015-cjgpb
    DOI: 10.17221/104/2015-CJGPB
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2015-CJGPB.html
    Download Restriction: free of charge

    File URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2015-CJGPB.pdf
    Download Restriction: free of charge

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.17221/104/2015-CJGPB?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Grant E. Isaac & William A. Kerr, 2003. "Genetically Modified Organisms and Trade Rules: Identifying Important Challenges for the WTO," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 29-42, January.
    2. Crina Viju & May T. Yeung & William A. Kerr, 2014. "Zero Tolerance for GM Flax and the Rules of Trade," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 137-150, January.
    3. Jeantine Lunshof, 2015. "Regulate gene editing in wild animals," Nature, Nature, vol. 521(7551), pages 127-127, May.
    4. B. Kos & H. Grčman & D. Leštan, 2003. "Phytoextraction of lead, zinc and cadmium from soil by selected plants," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 49(12), pages 548-553.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hartigan, James C. & McMahon, Joseph A., 2022. "A fuzzy look at a fuzzy agreement: Risk management under the WTO SPS Agreement," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 272-284.
    2. Anderson, Kym & Jackson, Lee Ann, 2004. "GM food technology abroad and its implications for Australia and New Zealand," 2004 Conference (48th), February 11-13, 2004, Melbourne, Australia 58365, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    3. Chantal Pohl Nielsen & Kym Anderson, 2003. "Golden Rice and the Looming GMO Trade Debate: Implication for the Poor," Centre for International Economic Studies Working Papers 2003-22, University of Adelaide, Centre for International Economic Studies.
    4. So. Asadi Kapourchal & Sa. Asadi Kapourchal & E. Pazira & M. Homaee, 2009. "Assessing radish (Raphanus sativus L.) potential for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soils resulting from air pollution," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 55(5), pages 202-206.
    5. Smyth Stuart & Kerr William & Phillips Peter, 2017. "Labeling Demands, Coexistence and the Challenges for Trade," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, January.
    6. Aparna Sawhney, 2005. "Quality Measures in Food Trade: The Indian Experience," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 329-348, March.
    7. Kym Anderson, 2005. "Agricultural trade reform and poverty reduction in developing countries," Chapters, in: Sisira Jayasuriya (ed.), Trade Policy Reforms and Development, chapter 9, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Kerr, William A., 2014. "Food Security and Trade: Some Supply Conundrums for 2050," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18.
    9. Isaac, Grant E., 2003. "The WTO and the Cartagena Protocol: International Policy Coordination or Conflict?," CAFRI: Current Agriculture, Food and Resource Issues, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society, issue 4, pages 1-8, December.
    10. Kerr, William A., 2017. "Genomics, International Trade and Food Security," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 18(2), December.
    11. Sibel Boysan Canal & Mehmet Ali Bozkurt & Hilal Yílmaz, 2023. "Humic acid ameliorates phytoremediation, plant growth and antioxidative enzymes in forage turnip (Brassica rapa L.)," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 69(12), pages 567-576.
    12. Kerr, William A., 2023. "Becalmed: The World Trade Organization at Not Yet Thirty," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 24(2), December.
    13. JINJI Naoto, 2007. "Illegal Extractions of Renewable Resources and International Trade with Costly Enforcement of Property Rights," Discussion papers 07011, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    14. Taiji Furusawa & Keisaku Higashida & Jota Ishikawa, 2004. "Tariffs versus quotas in the presence of imperfect competition and cross‐border externalities," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(2), pages 445-458, May.
    15. Kerr, William A., 2020. "Are the Benefits of Trade No Longer Sufficient?," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 21(2), December.
    16. Andy Thorpe & Catherine Robinson, 2004. "When goliaths clash: US and EU differences over the labeling of food products derived from genetically modified organisms," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 21(4), pages 287-298, January.
    17. Loppacher, Laura J., 2006. "Using Biotechnology to Lower Production Costs of Biofuels in Canada: Will it Hinder the Growth of an Export Industry?," CAFRI: Current Agriculture, Food and Resource Issues, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society, issue 7, pages 1-11, June.
    18. Kerr, William A., 2015. "Governance of International Trade in Genetically Modified Organisms: Is Future Global Food Security at Risk?," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:104-2015-cjgpb. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ivo Andrle (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.cazv.cz/en/home/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.