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Pattern Mixture Models and Latent Class Models for the Analysis of Multivariate Longitudinal Data with Informative Dropouts

Author

Listed:
  • Dantan Etienne

    (INSERM, U897, Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Bordeaux)

  • Proust-Lima Cécile

    (Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II)

  • Letenneur Luc

    (INSERM, U897, Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Bordeaux)

  • Jacqmin-Gadda Helene

    (INSERM, U897, Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Bordeaux)

Abstract

Missing data and especially dropouts frequently arise in longitudinal data. Maximum likelihood estimates are consistent when data are missing at random (MAR) but, as this assumption is not checkable, pattern mixture models (PMM) have been developed to deal with informative dropout. More recently, latent class models (LCM) have been proposed as a way to relax PMM assumptions. The aim of this paper is to compare PMM and LCM in order to tackle informative dropout in a longitudinal study of cognitive ageing measured by several psychometric tests. Using a multivariate longitudinal model with a latent process, a sensitivity analysis was performed to compare estimates under the MAR assumption, from a PMM and from two LCM. In the PMM, dropout patterns are included as covariates in the multivariate longitudinal model. In the simple LCM, they are predictors of the class membership probabilities while, in the joint LCM, the dropout time is jointly modeled using a proportional hazard model depending on latent classes. We show that parameter interpretation is different in the two kinds of models and thus can lead to different estimated values. PMM parameters are adjusted on the dropout patterns while LCM parameters are adjusted on the latent classes. This difference is highlighted in our data set because the latent classes exhibit much more heterogeneity than dropout patterns. We suggest several complementary analyses to investigate the characteristics of latent classes in order to understand the meaning of the parameters when using LCM to deal with informative dropout.

Suggested Citation

  • Dantan Etienne & Proust-Lima Cécile & Letenneur Luc & Jacqmin-Gadda Helene, 2008. "Pattern Mixture Models and Latent Class Models for the Analysis of Multivariate Longitudinal Data with Informative Dropouts," The International Journal of Biostatistics, De Gruyter, vol. 4(1), pages 1-28, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:ijbist:v:4:y:2008:i:1:n:14
    DOI: 10.2202/1557-4679.1088
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth J. Wilkins & Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, 2006. "A Hybrid Model for Nonignorable Dropout in Longitudinal Binary Responses," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 62(1), pages 168-176, March.
    2. Geert Verbeke & Geert Molenberghs & Herbert Thijs & Emmanuel Lesaffre & Michael G. Kenward, 2001. "Sensitivity Analysis for Nonrandom Dropout: A Local Influence Approach," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 57(1), pages 7-14, March.
    3. Haiqun Lin & Charles E. McCulloch & Robert A. Rosenheck, 2004. "Latent Pattern Mixture Models for Informative Intermittent Missing Data in Longitudinal Studies," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 60(2), pages 295-305, June.
    4. Cécile Proust & Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda & Jeremy M. G. Taylor & Julien Ganiayre & Daniel Commenges, 2006. "A Nonlinear Model with Latent Process for Cognitive Evolution Using Multivariate Longitudinal Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 62(4), pages 1014-1024, December.
    5. Jason Roy, 2003. "Modeling Longitudinal Data with Nonignorable Dropouts Using a Latent Dropout Class Model," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 59(4), pages 829-836, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda & Cécile Proust-Lima & Jeremy M.G. Taylor & Daniel Commenges, 2010. "Score Test for Conditional Independence Between Longitudinal Outcome and Time to Event Given the Classes in the Joint Latent Class Model," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 66(1), pages 11-19, March.
    2. Kano, Yutaka & Takai, Keiji, 2011. "Analysis of NMAR missing data without specifying missing-data mechanisms in a linear latent variate model," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(9), pages 1241-1255, October.
    3. Sanjoy Sinha, 2012. "Robust analysis of longitudinal data with nonignorable missing responses," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 75(7), pages 913-938, October.

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