IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/stratm/v8y1987i5p469-485.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Strategy formulation processes: Differences in perceptions of strength and weaknesses indicators and environmental uncertainty by managerial level

Author

Listed:
  • R. Duane Ireland
  • Michael A. Hitt
  • Richard A. Bettis
  • Deborah Auld De Porras

Abstract

Some literature suggests that managers' perceptions of strengths and weaknesses indicators vary by management level. Differences likely result because of individuals' cognitive schemes, which include their cognitive biases. In turn, systematic errors may occur in managerial decisions. Results from the research reported herein support the notion that managers' perceptions of the indicators of a firm's strengths and weaknesses, and of environmental uncertainty, vary by managerial level. Differences in these perceptions were discovered to be more significant within each firm. Implications of these results are examined, including the impact on the deployment of firms' strategy formulation processes.

Suggested Citation

  • R. Duane Ireland & Michael A. Hitt & Richard A. Bettis & Deborah Auld De Porras, 1987. "Strategy formulation processes: Differences in perceptions of strength and weaknesses indicators and environmental uncertainty by managerial level," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(5), pages 469-485, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:stratm:v:8:y:1987:i:5:p:469-485
    DOI: 10.1002/smj.4250080506
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250080506
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/smj.4250080506?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Narisa Tianjing Dai & Xi (Jason) Kuang & Guliang Tang, 2018. "Differential Weighting of Objective Versus Subjective Measures in Performance Evaluation: Experimental Evidence," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(1), pages 129-148, January.
    2. Lueg, Rainer & Borisov, Boris Genadiev, 2014. "Archival or perceived measures of environmental uncertainty? Conceptualization and new empirical evidence," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 658-671.
    3. Zafer Ozleblebici & Castro Pinto & Nelson Antonio, 2015. "Variations in Strategy Perception among Business and Military Managers," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 4(1), pages 17-31, January.
    4. Yaqun Yi & Yi Liu & Hong He & Yuan Li, 2012. "Environment, governance, controls, and radical innovation during institutional transitions," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 689-708, September.
    5. Dutta, Dev K. & Thornhill, Stewart, 2008. "The evolution of growth intentions: Toward a cognition-based model," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 307-332, May.
    6. Tammy E. Beck & Donde Ashmos Plowman, 2009. "Experiencing Rare and Unusual Events Richly: The Role of Middle Managers in Animating and Guiding Organizational Interpretation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 20(5), pages 909-924, October.
    7. Rapert, Molly Inhofe & Velliquette, Anne & Garretson, Judith A., 2002. "The strategic implementation process: evoking strategic consensus through communication," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 301-310, April.
    8. Ondersteijn, C.J.M. & Giesen, G.W.J. & Huirne, R.B.M., 2006. "Perceived environmental uncertainty in Dutch dairy farming: The effect of external farm context on strategic choice," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 88(2-3), pages 205-226, June.
    9. Goldsmith, Arthur A., 1996. "Strategic thinking in international development: Using management tools to see the big picture," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 24(9), pages 1431-1439, September.
    10. Tom J. M. Mom & Frans A. J. van den Bosch & Henk W. Volberda, 2009. "Understanding Variation in Managers' Ambidexterity: Investigating Direct and Interaction Effects of Formal Structural and Personal Coordination Mechanisms," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 20(4), pages 812-828, August.
    11. Michael A. Hitt & Robert D. Nixon & Robert E. Hoskisson & Rahul Kochhar, 1999. "Corporate Entrepreneurship and Cross-Functional Fertilization: Activation, Process and Disintegration of a New Product Design Team," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 23(3), pages 145-168, April.
    12. R. Duane Ireland & Philip M. Van Auken, 1987. "Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research: An Historical Typology and Directions for Future Research," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 11(4), pages 9-20, April.
    13. Samson, Kelly & Bhanugopan, Ramudu, 2022. "Strategic human capital analytics and organisation performance: The mediating effects of managerial decision-making," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 637-649.
    14. G. Page West III, 2007. "Collective Cognition: When Entrepreneurial Teams, Not Individuals, Make Decisions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 31(1), pages 77-102, January.
    15. Küsshauer, Alexander & Baum, Matthias, 2023. "The good, the bad and the uncertain: Employers' perceptions of former entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 38(2).
    16. Robin Pesch & Ricarda B. Bouncken & Sascha Kraus, 2015. "Effects of Communication Style and Age Diversity in Innovation Teams," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 12(06), pages 1-20, December.
    17. Olusoga, S. Ade & Mokwa, Michael P. & Noble, Charles H., 1995. "Strategic groups, mobility barriers, and competitive advantage: An empirical investigation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 153-164, June.
    18. Zhang, Yixiang & Liu, Meiling & Fu, Bowen, 2024. "Can digital technology application promote energy saving and emission reduction practices in enterprise? An empirical study based on the awareness-motivation-capability perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    19. Christian Engau & Volker Hoffmann, 2011. "Corporate response strategies to regulatory uncertainty: evidence from uncertainty about post-Kyoto regulation," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 44(1), pages 53-80, March.
    20. Judge, William Q. & Stahl, Michael J., 1995. "Middle-manager effort in strategy implementation: A multinational perspective," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 91-111, March.
    21. Ralf Meinhardt & Sebastian Junge & Martin Weiss, 2018. "The organizational environment with its measures, antecedents, and consequences: a review and research agenda," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 68(2), pages 195-235, April.
    22. Judith Behrens & Holger Patzelt, 2016. "Corporate Entrepreneurship Managers’ Project Terminations: Integrating Portfolio–Level, Individual–Level, and Firm–Level Effects," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 40(4), pages 815-842, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:stratm:v:8:y:1987:i:5:p:469-485. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/0143-2095 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.