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How formalization of urban spatial plan affects marginalized groups and resilience practices in Cambodia secondary town: A case study from Battambang

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  • Try Thuon

Abstract

Cambodia has experienced urban growth since the early 2000s, not only in the capital but also in its secondary cities. Like other cities in Southeast Asia, conflict over land use, pressure on infrastructure, ecological changes, and competing interests over these resources among dominant groups have been contentious. This paper uses a Battambang secondary town as a case study. The town has experienced the colonial legacy, is rich with natural resources and is part of the regional economic corridor route development. Recent changes have drawn much attention to the need to formalize a spatial plan, promoting community‐led urban development, low‐cost housing and equitable land sharing, and networking among urban poor as a shared learning process. Urban resilience has been tested, as the city has had to cope with increased flooding and stress on its infrastructure, processes that involve government agencies, donors, NGOs and local residents. Based on a policy review, semi‐structured interviews with key informants, and extensive participant observation, this study argues that while promoting the formalization of land use and resilience, there is an institutional trap being manipulated by emerging strategic groups, associated with dominant political working groups and embedded culture of local elites. Local knowledge has been adopted by certain groups, known as “subordinate,” in demanding social justice, equity distribution and promoting shared learning among social groups at the communities. Resistance and spreading negative rumours against dominant groups are seen as strategies to increase social resilience and develop flexible institutions. Camboya ha experimentado un crecimiento urbano desde principios de la década de 2000, no sólo en la capital sino también en sus ciudades secundarias. Al igual que en otras ciudades del sudeste asiático, los conflictos por el uso del suelo, la presión sobre la infraestructura, los cambios ecológicos y los intereses contrapuestos sobre estos recursos entre los grupos dominantes han sido polémicos. Este artículo utiliza una ciudad secundaria de la provincia de Battambang como estudio de caso. La ciudad ha vivido el legado colonial, es rica en recursos naturales y forma parte del desarrollo de la ruta del corredor económico regional. Los cambios recientes han llamado mucho la atención sobre la necesidad de formalizar un plan de ordenación del territorio, que fomente un desarrollo urbano dirigido por la comunidad, la vivienda de bajo coste y el reparto equitativo del suelo, así como la creación de redes entre los pobres de las áreas urbanas como un proceso de aprendizaje compartido. La resiliencia urbana se ha puesto a prueba, cuando la ciudad ha tenido que hacer frente al aumento de las inundaciones y a la presión sobre su infraestructura, mediante procesos en los que participan organismos gubernamentales, donantes, ONG y residentes locales. A partir de una revisión de las políticas, entrevistas semiestructuradas con informantes clave y una amplia observación de los participantes, este estudio sostiene que, al tiempo que se promueve la formalización del uso de la tierra y la resiliencia, existe una trampa institucional manipulada por ciertos grupos estratégicos emergentes, asociados a los grupos de trabajo políticos dominantes y a la cultura arraigada de las élites locales. El conocimiento local ha sido adoptado por ciertos grupos, conocidos como”subalternos“, en la reivindicación de la justicia social, la distribución de la equidad y la promoción del aprendizaje compartido entre los grupos sociales de las comunidades. La resistencia y la divulgación de rumores negativos contra los grupos dominantes se consideran estrategias para aumentar la resistencia social y desarrollar instituciones flexibles. カンボジアは、2000年代の初頭以降、capital (首都)だけでなくsecondary cityにおいても都市化が進んでいる。東南アジアの他の都市と同様に、土地利用をめぐる争い、インフラへの圧力、生態系の変化、これらの資源をめぐる支配的なグループ間の利害対立が、論争を引き起こしている。本稿では、Battambang secondary townを用いてケーススタディを行う。この町は、植民地時代の遺産を受け継いでおり、天然資源が豊富で、地域の経済回廊ルート開発の一部となっている。最近の変化により、空間計画の形式化の必要性、地域主導の都市開発の促進、低コスト住宅と公平な土地共有及び、共同学習プロセスとしての都市部の貧困者間のネットワーク整備が多くの注目を集めている。増加する洪水や、インフラへのストレス、政府機関、援助国、NGO、地域住民が関与するプロセスに対処しなければならなくなり、都市のレジリエンスが試されてきた。本稿では、政策の見直し、重要な情報提供者への準構造的インタビュー、および様々な参加者の観察研究に基づき、土地利用とレジリエンスの形式化を促進する一方で、支配的な政治ワーキンググループおよび地域のエリートに埋め込まれた文化に関わる新興戦略グループによって操作されている制度的罠があることを論じる。地域の知識は、社会正義と公平な分配の要求し、地域社会の社会グループ間で共有された学習を促進するうえで、「subordinate (従属)」と呼ばれる特定のグループによって採用されている。支配的なグループに対する抵抗や否定的な言説の拡散は、社会的レジリエンスを高め、柔軟な制度を構築するための戦略と見られる。

Suggested Citation

  • Try Thuon, 2021. "How formalization of urban spatial plan affects marginalized groups and resilience practices in Cambodia secondary town: A case study from Battambang," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(6), pages 1866-1887, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:1866-1887
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12403
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Susan Fainstein, 2015. "Resilience and Justice," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(1), pages 157-167, January.
    2. Louis Lebel & Mira Käkönen & Va Dany & Phimphakan Lebel & Try Thuon & Saykham Voladet, 2018. "The framing and governance of climate change adaptation projects in Lao PDR and Cambodia," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 429-446, June.
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