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Matching forerunner cities: Climate policy in Turku, Groningen, Rostock, and Potsdam

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  • Kristine Kern
  • Sam Grönholm
  • Wolfgang Haupt
  • Luca Hopman

Abstract

This article analyzes and compares the climate policy and transformation pathways of the forerunner cities Turku (Finland), Groningen (The Netherlands), Rostock, and Potsdam (both located in Germany). Our study combines an international comparison of cities located in three different countries with a national comparison of two German cities. This research design is based on the assumption that national context matters. We argue that the chances for scaling local experiments between cities are particularly high among matching cities, which resemble each other. Such cities have the capability to learn by matchmaking, nationally as well as internationally. All four cities are mid‐sized cities of roughly the same size located in advanced democracies in northern and continental Europe. Moreover, within their countries, all four cities have acquired the reputation of being forerunners in the area of climate policy. First, we focus on a comparison of the four cities and identify the strengths and weaknesses of their climate policies. Second, we assess the scaling potential of local experiments, in particular institutional and organizational innovations, integrative and participatory approaches, and leadership. Third, we analyze actual scaling between the two German cities, which share the same national context. More generally, we explore how matching cities can develop from local pioneers to internationally acknowledged leaders, which have the ability to upscale successful local initiatives, nationally as well as internationally. Este artículo analiza y compara la política climática y las vías de transformación de las ciudades precursoras de Turku (Finlandia), Groningen (Países Bajos), Rostock y Potsdam (ambas ubicadas en Alemania). Nuestro estudio combina una comparación internacional de ciudades ubicadas en tres países diferentes con una comparación nacional de dos ciudades alemanas. Este diseño de investigación se basa en el supuesto de que el contexto nacional es importante. Argumentamos que las posibilidades de escalar experimentos locales entre ciudades son particularmente altas entre ciudades coincidentes, que se parecen entre sí. Dichas ciudades tienen la capacidad de aprender a través del emparejamiento, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Las cuatro ciudades son ciudades medianas de aproximadamente el mismo tamaño ubicadas en democracias avanzadas en el norte y Europa continental. Además, dentro de sus países, las cuatro ciudades han adquirido la reputación de ser pioneras en el área de la política climática. Primero, nos enfocamos en una comparación de las cuatro ciudades e identificamos las fortalezas y debilidades de sus políticas climáticas. En segundo lugar, evaluamos el potencial de escalamiento de los experimentos locales, en particular, las innovaciones institucionales y organizativas, los enfoques integradores y participativos y el liderazgo. En tercer lugar, analizamos la escala real entre las dos ciudades alemanas, que comparten el mismo contexto nacional. De manera más general, exploramos cómo las ciudades coincidentes pueden desarrollarse desde pioneros locales hasta líderes reconocidos internacionalmente, que tienen la capacidad de mejorar iniciativas locales exitosas, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. 本文分析和比较了图尔库(芬兰)、格罗宁根(荷兰)、罗斯托克和波茨坦(均位于德国)这几个领先城市的气候政策与转型路径。我们的研究将国际比较和国家比较相结合,前者聚焦于三个国家的城市,后者聚焦于两个德国城市。该研究设计基于“国家情境很重要”这一假设。我们论证认为,在相类似的匹配城市之间进行规模化的本地实验的可能性特别高。这些城市有能力通过匹配的方式在国内和国际间相互学习。这四个城市都是几乎一样大的中等规模城市,位于北欧和欧洲大陆的发达民主国家。此外,这四个城市在各自国家内都获得了气候政策领域先行者的声誉。第一,我们聚焦于比较四个城市,并识别各自气候政策的优势和劣势。第二,我们评估了本地实验的规模化潜力,特别是制度和组织创新、综合方法和参与式方法、以及领导力。第三,我们分析了具有相同国家情境的两个德国城市之间的实际规模化。我们从更广泛的方面探究了匹配城市如何从本地先行者发展为国际公认的领导者,后者有能力在国内和国际上推广成功的本地倡议。

Suggested Citation

  • Kristine Kern & Sam Grönholm & Wolfgang Haupt & Luca Hopman, 2023. "Matching forerunner cities: Climate policy in Turku, Groningen, Rostock, and Potsdam," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 1004-1025, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:6:p:1004-1025
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12525
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Antje Otto & Kristine Kern & Wolfgang Haupt & Peter Eckersley & Annegret H. Thieken, 2021. "Ranking local climate policy: assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 1-23, July.
    3. George C. Homsy, 2018. "Unlikely pioneers: creative climate change policymaking in smaller U.S. cities," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 8(2), pages 121-131, June.
    4. Kern, Kristine, 2019. "Cities as leaders in EU multilevel climate governance: embedded upscaling of local experiments in Europe," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 28(1), pages 125-145.
    5. Daniel C. Matisoff, 2008. "The Adoption of State Climate Change Policies and Renewable Portfolio Standards: Regional Diffusion or Internal Determinants?," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 25(6), pages 527-546, December.
    6. Häußler, Simone & Haupt, Wolfgang, 2021. "Climate change adaptation networks for small and medium-sized cities," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 1(11).
    7. Kern, Kristine & Irmisch, Janne & Odermatt, Colette & Haupt, Wolfgang & Kissling-Näf, Ingrid, 2021. "Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Development, and Climate Policy: Comparing the UNESCO World Heritage Cities of Potsdam and Bern," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 13(16).
    8. Otto, Antje & Kern, Kristine & Haupt, Wolfgang & Eckersley, Peter & Thieken, Annegret H., 2021. "Ranking local climate policy: assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 67(1-2).
    9. Haupt, Wolfgang & Kern, Kristine & Irmisch, Janne Lis, 2022. "From climate policy pioneers to climate policy leaders? The examples of the eastern German cities of Potsdam and Rostock," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue Latest Ar, pages 1-22.
    10. Antje Otto & Kristine Kern & Wolfgang Haupt & Peter Eckersley & Annegret H. Thieken, 2021. "Correction to: Ranking local climate policy: assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 1-3, August.
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