IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/revpol/v40y2023i6p894-919.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

What drives local communities to engage in climate change mitigation activities? Examining the rural–urban divide

Author

Listed:
  • Ulrike Zeigermann
  • Marlene Kammerer
  • Michael Böcher

Abstract

The National Climate Initiative (NKI) in Germany provides a strong incentive for local governments to apply for funding to engage in climate protection activities. Yet, the latest evaluation of the NKI confirms that there is a great disparity in the distribution of funding across regions. Taking this regional fragmentation as a starting point, we ask the following: How can we explain disparity in the amount of funding across counties and cities? We draw on climate policy literature pointing to the role of socioeconomic and political determinants and the settlement structure to answer this question. We study all 400 cities and counties to test hypotheses concerning disparity in the likelihood and amount of climate funding, using data from the German Ministry for the Environment and further regional statistics. Running different multilevel regression models, we show that local climate funding is more likely in cities and more urbanized counties than in rural counties with less population and oftentimes also with less young and educated people. We argue that despite the increasing number of local governments getting active in climate protection in Germany, there is important unused potential for climate change mitigation in rural counties. Therefore, we conclude by proposing a new research agenda focusing on climate change mitigation in rural areas. La Iniciativa Climática Nacional (NKI) en Alemania brinda un fuerte incentivo para que los gobiernos locales soliciten financiamiento para participar en actividades de protección climática. Sin embargo, la última evaluación del NKI confirma que existe una gran disparidad en la distribución de la financiación entre regiones. Tomando esta fragmentación regional como punto de partida, nos preguntamos lo siguiente: ¿Cómo podemos explicar la disparidad en la cantidad de fondos entre condados y ciudades? Nos basamos en la literatura sobre política climática que señala el papel de los determinantes socioeconómicos y políticos y la estructura de los asentamientos para responder a esta pregunta. Estudiamos las 400 ciudades y condados para probar hipótesis sobre la disparidad en la probabilidad y la cantidad de financiamiento climático, utilizando datos del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de Alemania y otras estadísticas regionales. Al ejecutar diferentes modelos de regresión multinivel, mostramos que la financiación climática local es más probable en las ciudades y los condados más urbanizados que en los condados rurales con menos población y, a menudo, también con menos gente joven y educada. Argumentamos que, a pesar del creciente número de gobiernos locales que se activan en la protección del clima en Alemania, existe un importante potencial no utilizado para la mitigación del cambio climático en los condados rurales. Por lo tanto, concluimos proponiendo una nueva agenda de investigación centrada en la mitigación del cambio climático en las zonas rurales. 德国的国家气候倡议(NKI)为地方政府申请资金参与气候保护活动一事提供了强有力的激励。不过,NKI的最新评价证实,各地区的资金分配存在巨大差异。以这种区域碎片化为出发点,我们提出以下问题:我们能如何解释县市之间资金数额的差异?为回答该问题,我们借鉴了气候政策文献,后者有关于社会经济决定因素和政治决定因素的作用以及定居点的结构。我们使用德国环境部的数据和进一步的地区统计数据,研究了所有400个城市和县,以检验有关气候资金可能性及数量差异的假设。通过运行不同的多层次回归模型,我们表明,与人口较少且通常年轻人较少、受教育人数较少的农村县相比,城市和城市化程度更高的县更有可能获得地方气候资金。我们论证认为,尽管德国越来越多的地方政府积极参与气候保护,但农村地区在减缓气候变化方面具有重要的未开发的潜力。因此,我们最后提出了一项新的研究议程,聚焦于农村地区的气候变化缓解。

Suggested Citation

  • Ulrike Zeigermann & Marlene Kammerer & Michael Böcher, 2023. "What drives local communities to engage in climate change mitigation activities? Examining the rural–urban divide," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 894-919, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:6:p:894-919
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12528
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12528
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/ropr.12528?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kai Schulze, 2021. "Policy Characteristics, Electoral Cycles, and the Partisan Politics of Climate Change," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 21(2), pages 44-72, Spring.
    2. Thomas Bausch & Karin Koziol, 2020. "New Policy Approaches for Increasing Response to Climate Change in Small Rural Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Antje Otto & Kristine Kern & Wolfgang Haupt & Peter Eckersley & Annegret H. Thieken, 2021. "Ranking local climate policy: assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 1-23, July.
    4. George C. Homsy, 2018. "Unlikely pioneers: creative climate change policymaking in smaller U.S. cities," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 8(2), pages 121-131, June.
    5. Julius Grund & Antje Brock, 2020. "Education for Sustainable Development in Germany: Not Just Desired but Also Effective for Transformative Action," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, April.
    6. Barbara Wieliczko & Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska & Zbigniew Floriańczyk, 2021. "EU Rural Policy’s Capacity to Facilitate a Just Sustainability Transition of the Rural Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-23, August.
    7. Kern, Kristine, 2019. "Cities as leaders in EU multilevel climate governance: embedded upscaling of local experiments in Europe," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 28(1), pages 125-145.
    8. Otto, Antje & Kern, Kristine & Haupt, Wolfgang & Eckersley, Peter & Thieken, Annegret H., 2021. "Ranking local climate policy: assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 67(1-2).
    9. Abel, Dennis, 2021. "The diffusion of climate policies among German municipalities," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 41(1), pages 111-136, March.
    10. Antje Otto & Kristine Kern & Wolfgang Haupt & Peter Eckersley & Annegret H. Thieken, 2021. "Correction to: Ranking local climate policy: assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 1-3, August.
    11. Diego Valbuena & Julien G. Chenet & Daniel Gaitán-Cremaschi, 2021. "Options to Support Sustainable Trajectories in a Rural Landscape: Drivers, Rural Processes, and Local Perceptions in a Colombian Coffee-Growing Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
    12. Paul Tobin, 2017. "Leaders and Laggards: Climate Policy Ambition in Developed States," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 17(4), pages 28-47, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Melanie Nagel & Marlene Kammerer, 2023. "Tackling climate change on the local level: A growing research agenda," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 846-852, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kristine Kern & Janne Irmisch & Colette Odermatt & Wolfgang Haupt & Ingrid Kissling-Näf, 2021. "Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Development, and Climate Policy: Comparing the UNESCO World Heritage Cities of Potsdam and Bern," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Melanie Nagel & Marlene Kammerer, 2023. "Tackling climate change on the local level: A growing research agenda," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 846-852, November.
    3. Kai Schulze & Jonas J. Schoenefeld, 2023. "Measuring climate change adaptation policy output: Toward a two‐dimensional approach," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 1058-1092, November.
    4. Kristine Kern & Sam Grönholm & Wolfgang Haupt & Luca Hopman, 2023. "Matching forerunner cities: Climate policy in Turku, Groningen, Rostock, and Potsdam," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 1004-1025, November.
    5. Kern, Kristine & Irmisch, Janne & Odermatt, Colette & Haupt, Wolfgang & Kissling-Näf, Ingrid, 2021. "Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Development, and Climate Policy: Comparing the UNESCO World Heritage Cities of Potsdam and Bern," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 13(16).
    6. Andreas Corcaci & Jörg Kemmerzell, 2023. "Trans‐local action and local climate policy. Configurations of success for climate innovations in the European multilevel system," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 1120-1143, November.
    7. Christidis, Panayotis & Ulpiani, Giulia & Stepniak, Marcin & Vetters, Nadja, 2024. "Research and innovation paving the way for climate neutrality in urban transport: Analysis of 362 cities on their journey to zero emissions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 107-123.
    8. Erlwein, Sabrina & Meister, Juliane & Wamsler, Christine & Pauleit, Stephan, 2023. "Governance of densification and climate change adaptation: How can conflicting demands for housing and greening in cities be reconciled?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    9. Kern, Kristine & Haupt, Wolfgang & Niederhafner, Stefan, 2022. "Entwicklungspfade städtischer Klimapolitik: Bedeutung von Schlüsselereignissen und Schlüsselakteur:innen für die Klimapolitik in Potsdam, Remscheid und Würzburg," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 57(4), pages 32-49.
    10. Aboagye, Prince Dacosta & Sharifi, Ayyoob, 2024. "Urban climate adaptation and mitigation action plans: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    11. Reckien, Diana & Buzasi, Attila & Olazabal, Marta & Spyridaki, Niki-Artemis & Eckersley, Peter & Simoes, Sofia G. & Salvia, Monica & Pietrapertosa, Filomena & Fokaides, Paris & Goonesekera, Sascha M. , 2023. "Quality of urban climate adaptation plans over time," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 3, pages 1-14.
    12. Eichenauer, Eva & Irmisch, Janne & Ulrich, Peter, 2022. "Szenarien für eine Energiewende in ländlichen und städtischen Räumen. Teil 1: Regional vernetzt und gesellschaftlich getragen in eine klimaneutrale Zukunft," IRS Dialog 5/2022, Leibniz Institute for Research on Society and Space (IRS).
    13. Irmisch, Janne & Haupt, Wolfgang & Eckersley, Peter & Kern, Kristine & Müller, Hannah, 2022. "Klimapolitische Entwicklungspfade deutscher Groß- und Mittelstädte," IRS Dialog 2/2022, Leibniz Institute for Research on Society and Space (IRS).
    14. Hufschmidt, Patrick, 2023. "Green parties and building permissions: Evidence from Bavarian municipalities," Ruhr Economic Papers 1052, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    15. Haupt, Wolfgang & Eckersley, Peter & Irmisch, Janne & Kern, Kristine, 2022. "How do local factors shape transformation pathways towards climate-neutral and resilient cities?," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue Latest Ar, pages 1-23.
    16. Janel Jett & Leigh Raymond, 2021. "Issue Framing and U.S. State Energy and Climate Policy Choice," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(3), pages 278-299, May.
    17. David Simon & Yutika Vora & Tarun Sharma & Warren Smit, 2021. "Responding to Climate Change in Small and Intermediate Cities: Comparative Policy Perspectives from India and South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, February.
    18. Miquel Salvador & David Sancho, 2021. "The Role of Local Government in the Drive for Sustainable Development Public Policies. An Analytical Framework Based on Institutional Capacities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, May.
    19. Timothy Fraser & Lily Cunningham & Amos Nasongo, 2021. "Build Back Better? Effects of Crisis on Climate Change Adaptation Through Solar Power in Japan and the United States," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 21(1), pages 54-75, Winter.
    20. Vincent Wretling & Berit Balfors, 2021. "Building Institutional Capacity to Plan for Climate Neutrality: The Role of Local Co-Operation and Inter-Municipal Networks at the Regional Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:6:p:894-919. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ipsonea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.