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Entrepreneurial Intentions and Outcomes: a Comparative Causal Mapping Study

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  • Mark Jenkins
  • Gerry Johnson

Abstract

This paper uses a causal map methodology to consider the contrasts between entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes. In evaluating a series of propositions drawn from the extant literature the study finds that the elicited causal maps are consistent with contrasts in entrepreneurial intentions, but not outcomes. This suggests that the existing emphasis on entrepreneurial strategies being deliberate, conscious processes may be misplaced: non‐deliberate, emergent strategies may be just as influential in producing entrepreneurial outcomes. The study develops a series of output propositions suggesting that entrepreneurial outcomes are associated with causal maps which connect the internal operations of the business with the external environment. This implies that entrepreneurial success may be a result of intuitive systems thinking in which connections are made between the environment and the internal operations of the business.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark Jenkins & Gerry Johnson, 1997. "Entrepreneurial Intentions and Outcomes: a Comparative Causal Mapping Study," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(6), pages 895-920, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jomstd:v:34:y:1997:i:6:p:895-920
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-6486.00077
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    Cited by:

    1. Kevin Hindle, 2004. "Choosing Qualitative Methods for Entrepreneurial Cognition Research: A Canonical Development Approach," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 28(6), pages 575-607, November.
    2. Ade Paranata & Pahrudin & Syamsiyatul Muzayyanah & Thi Ha Trinh, 2023. "Identification of factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior: unveiling start-up business initiatives in Indonesia," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Jayanagara Oscar & Chen Kelly Azaryas, 2023. "The Effect of Information Communication Technology Readiness and Knowledge Management on Entrepreneurial Strategic Orientation and its Implications on Firm Performance," Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations, Sciendo, vol. 47(1), pages 71-104, March.
    4. Karl-Heinz Leitner, 2016. "Emerging and deliberate product innovation strategies in SMEs: results from a longitudinal study," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 20(1/2), pages 80-98.
    5. Sirén, Charlotta & Kohtamäki, Marko, 2016. "Stretching strategic learning to the limit: The interaction between strategic planning and learning," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 653-663.
    6. Edomgenet Hiba Issa & Zerebruk Zewdu Tesfaye, 2020. "Entrepreneurial intent among prospective graduates of higher education institution: an exploratory investigation in Kafa, Sheka, and Bench-Maji Zones, SNNPR, Ethiopia," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Mena, Carlos & Adenso-Diaz, B. & Yurt, Oznur, 2011. "The causes of food waste in the supplier–retailer interface: Evidences from the UK and Spain," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(6), pages 648-658.
    8. Choi Kyungmin & Park Jongwon & Cho Daegon & Chu Hyo-Youn, 2018. "The Impact of University Support on the Creation of Student Entrepreneurs: Evidence from South Korea," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-14, January.
    9. Bernhard Schütz, 2018. "Employment and the minimum wage: A pluralist approach," Economics working papers 2018-07, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    10. Dutta, Dev K. & Thornhill, Stewart, 2008. "The evolution of growth intentions: Toward a cognition-based model," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 307-332, May.
    11. Song Wang & Bowen Dong & Steven X. Si & Junsheng Dou, 2017. "When it rains, it pours: A triple-pathway model of collective turnover based on causal mapping analysis," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 461-486, June.
    12. Lee, Soo Hoon & Wong, Poh Kam, 2004. "An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: a career anchor perspective," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 7-28, January.
    13. Rosa Maria Fanelli, 2019. "Using Causal Maps to Analyse the Major Root Causes of Household Food Waste: Results of a Survey among People from Central and Southern Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, February.
    14. Tomi Laamanen & Johan Wallin, 2009. "Cognitive Dynamics of Capability Development Paths," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(6), pages 950-981, September.
    15. Jolanta Poplawska & Ashraf Labib & Deborah M. Reed, 2017. "From vicious to virtuous circles: problem structuring for quantified decision making in operationalization of corporate social responsibility," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 68(3), pages 291-307, March.
    16. Jelle Schepers & Wim Voordeckers & Tensie Steijvers & Eddy Laveren, 2021. "Entrepreneurial intention-action gap in family firms: bifurcation bias and the board of directors as an economizing mechanism," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(3), pages 451-475, September.
    17. Baron, Robert A. & Markman, Gideon D., 2003. "Beyond social capital: the role of entrepreneurs' social competence in their financial success," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 41-60, January.
    18. Doina I. POPESCU & Sebastian - Ion CEPTUREANU & Eduard - Gabriel CEPTUREANU, 2017. "PECULIARITIES OF STRATEGY IN SMEs," Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 11(1), pages 617-632, November.
    19. Edmund R. Thompson, 2009. "Individual Entrepreneurial Intent: Construct Clarification and Development of an Internationally Reliable Metric," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(3), pages 669-694, May.

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