IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ijurrs/v33y2009i1p165-192.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fire and Ice: Unnatural Disasters and the Disposable Urban Poor in Post‐Apartheid Johannesburg

Author

Listed:
  • MARTIN J. MURRAY

Abstract

Johannesburg is a divided city where propertied middle‐class residents and the urban poor live in existentially separate worlds. If the steady accretion of luxury entertainment sites, enclosed shopping malls and gated residential communities in the northern suburbs has come to symbolize the entry of middle‐class urbanites into the culture of aspirant ‘world class’ cities, then the proliferation of overcrowded, resource‐starved informal settlements on the periurban fringe represents the dystopian features of distressed urbanism. The risk‐prone environments of informal squatter settlements magnify the impact of catastrophic events like fires and floods, and the intersection of disaster‐vulnerable settlement patterns with relaxed planning regulations and building standards, lack of preparation for unsuspected calamities, and inadequate crisis management creates entirely new artificial hazards. These unnatural disasters cannot simply be attributed to ‘bad luck’ or nature's destructive force. Disaster‐vulnerability and exposure to risk are unevenly distributed across the metropolis. By focusing attention on the catastrophic fires that regularly destroy shanty settlements in places like Alexandra township at the northeast corner of Johannesburg, it is possible to reveal a largely hidden structure of marginality and social insecurity that is a permanent condition of everyday life for the urban poor. Résumé Johannesburg est une ville divisée où habitants de la classe moyenne possédante et citadins pauvres vivent dans des univers d’existence séparés. Si l’augmentation régulière des lieux de distractions, centres commerciaux et enclaves privées sécurisées dans les banlieues Nord signe l’accès des citadins de la classe moyenne à la culture des villes candidates à‘l’échelon international’, la prolifération d’implantations sauvages surpeuplées et dépourvues de ressources à la limite périurbaine traduit les caractères dystopiques d’un urbanisme sinistré. Les environnements à risque des implantations sauvages des squatters amplifient l’impact des catastrophes telles que les incendies ou inondations, tandis que la conjonction entre modèles d’implantations à risque assortis de réglementations d’urbanisme et de normes de construction assouplies, préparation insuffisante à des calamités insoupçonnées et gestion inappropriée des crises, crée des risques artificiels totalement nouveaux. On ne peut attribuer ces désastres non naturels simplement à la malchance ou à la force destructrice de la nature. La vulnérabilité face aux catastrophes et l’exposition au risque ne se répartissent pas uniformément dans la métropole. En s’intéressant aux incendies qui ravagent régulièrement les bidonvilles existants, comme le township d’Alexandra dans la zone nord‐est de Johannesburg, on peut mettre à jour une structure quasi invisible de marginalité et d’insécurité sociale qui constitue un état permanent dans la vie quotidienne des citadins pauvres.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin J. Murray, 2009. "Fire and Ice: Unnatural Disasters and the Disposable Urban Poor in Post‐Apartheid Johannesburg," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 165-192, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:33:y:2009:i:1:p:165-192
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00835.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00835.x
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00835.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. R Tomlinson, 1999. "From Exclusion to Inclusion: Rethinking Johannesburg's Central City," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 31(9), pages 1655-1678, September.
    2. Maria Kaika & Erik Swyngedouw, 2000. "Fetishizing the modern city: the phantasmagoria of urban technological networks," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 120-138, March.
    3. repec:bla:ijurrs:v:24:y:2000:i:3:p:490-518 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Ronald Aminzade, 1992. "Historical Sociology and Time," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 20(4), pages 456-480, May.
    5. Robert Castel, 2000. "The Roads to Disaffiliation: Insecure Work and Vulnerable Relationships," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 519-535, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hochfeld, Tessa & Graham, Lauren & Patel, Leila & Moodley, Jacqueline & Ross, Eleanor, 2016. "Does school breakfast make a difference? An evaluation of an in-school breakfast programme in South Africa," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-9.
    2. Jun Hu & Xuecai Xie & Xueming Shu & Shifei Shen & Xiaoyong Ni & Lei Zhang, 2022. "Fire Risk Assessments of Informal Settlements Based on Fire Risk Index and Bayesian Network," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Wangui Kimari, 2018. "Activists, care work, and the ‘cry of the ghetto’ in Nairobi, Kenya," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. John Twigg & Nicola Christie & James Haworth & Emmanuel Osuteye & Artemis Skarlatidou, 2017. "Improved Methods for Fire Risk Assessment in Low-Income and Informal Settlements," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-12, February.
    5. Andrew Rumbach & Manish Shirgaokar, 2017. "Predictors of household exposure to monsoon rain hazards in informal settlements," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 85(2), pages 709-728, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dina Vaiou & Rouli Lykogianni, 2006. "Women, Neighbourhoods and Everyday Life," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(4), pages 731-743, April.
    2. Ramesh, Niranjana, 2022. "An experiment with the minor geographies of major cities: infrastructural relations among the fragments," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114952, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Leslie Quitzow & Friederike Rohde, 2022. "Imagining the smart city through smart grids? Urban energy futures between technological experimentation and the imagined low-carbon city," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(2), pages 341-359, February.
    4. Quitzow, Leslie & Rohde, Friederike, 2022. "Imagining the smart city through smart grids? Urban energy futures between technological experimentation and the imagined low-carbon city," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 59(2), pages 341-359.
    5. Helen Collins & Susan Barry & Piotr Dzuga, 2022. "‘Working While Feeling Awful Is Normal’: One Roma’s Experience of Presenteeism," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 36(2), pages 362-371, April.
    6. Erlinghagen, Sabine & Markard, Jochen, 2012. "Smart grids and the transformation of the electricity sector: ICT firms as potential catalysts for sectoral change," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 895-906.
    7. Annie Irvine & Nikolas Rose, 2024. "How Does Precarious Employment Affect Mental Health? A Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence from Western Economies," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 38(2), pages 418-441, April.
    8. Certomà, Chiara & Corsini, Filippo & Frey, Marco, 2020. "Hyperconnected, receptive and do-it-yourself city. An investigation into the European “imaginary” of crowdsourcing for urban governance," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    9. Mary Lawhon & Gloria Nsangi Nakyagaba & Timos Karpouzoglou, 2023. "Towards a modest imaginary? Sanitation in Kampala beyond the modern infrastructure ideal," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(1), pages 146-165, January.
    10. John Rennie Short, 2016. "A perfect storm: climate change, the power grid, and regulatory regime change after network failure," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 34(2), pages 244-261, March.
    11. Lucy Hewitt & Stephen Graham, 2015. "Vertical cities: Representations of urban verticality in 20th-century science fiction literature," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(5), pages 923-937, April.
    12. Douglas Noonan & Shan Zhou & Robert Kirkman, 2017. "Making Smart and Sustainable Infrastructure Projects Viable: Private Choices, Public Support, and Systems Constraints," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 2(3), pages 18-32.
    13. María José Álvarez Rivadulla & Diana Bocarejo, 2014. "Beautifying the Slum: Cable Car Fetishism in Cazucá, Colombia," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(6), pages 2025-2041, November.
    14. Franciszek Chwałczyk, 2020. "Around the Anthropocene in Eighty Names—Considering the Urbanocene Proposition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-33, May.
    15. COLIN McFARLANE, 2008. "Governing the Contaminated City: Infrastructure and Sanitation in Colonial and Post‐Colonial Bombay," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 415-435, June.
    16. Victoria Ruiz Rincón & Joan Martínez-Alier & Sara Mingorria, 2019. "Environmental Conflicts Related to Urban Expansion Involving Agrarian Communities in Central Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-19, November.
    17. Lahiri-Dutt, Kuntala & Mukhopadhyay, Pranab, 2023. "“We do not want a solar power generation plant here. Our animals and nature will be destroyed. We eat rotis made of bajra and drink ghi; we are content. This will finish if the plant is constructed he," Ecology, Economy and Society - the INSEE Journal, Indian Society of Ecological Economics (INSEE), vol. 6(02), July.
    18. Catherine Crawford & Sarah Bell, 2012. "Analysing the Relationship between Urban Livelihoods and Water Infrastructure in Three Settlements in Cusco, Peru," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(5), pages 1045-1064, April.
    19. Udaya Wagle, 2014. "The Counting-Based Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty: The Focus on Economic Resources, Inner Capabilities, and Relational Resources in the United States," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 115(1), pages 223-240, January.
    20. Hanna Baumann & Haim Yacobi, 2022. "Introduction: Infrastructural stigma and urban vulnerability," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(3), pages 475-489, February.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:33:y:2009:i:1:p:165-192. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0309-1317 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.