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On Some Challenges and Conditions for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao to be an Effective Economic Re‐activator

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  • BEATRIZ PLAZA

Abstract

The mission of a museum is essentially cultural, however this is not the case for all museums. There are a minority of universally famous museums, like the Tate Liverpool, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, the Tate Modern London, the new forthcoming Louvre‐Lens (France), the Guggenheim‐Hermitage in Vilnius (Lithuania) and the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) whose principal aim is the re‐activation (and/or the diversification) of the economy of their territories, in addition to the obvious cultural aim. The effectiveness of a large heritage investment in developing a city depends on at least four variables. First, heritage investments become effective employment creators only to the extent that they become effective tourism magnets. Second, the impact of investments on cultural heritage could be negative if the heritage industry is a big portion of the whole economy. Third, the more the redevelopment zone's markets are integrated, the easier the absorption of price tensions caused by urban revitalization. Fourth, the greater the productivity of the city's economy, the greater the absorption of price tensions. The aim of this essay is to give empirical support to these hypotheses for the case of Bilbao and the Guggenheim Museum. Résumé La mission d’un musée est essentiellement culturelle, même si ce n’est pas toujours le cas. En effet, bien que de notoriété universelle, comme le Tate Liverpool, le musée Guggenheim Bilbao, le Tate Modern de Londres, le futur Louvres de Lens, le Guggenheim‐Hermitage de Vilnius en Lituanie et le Guggenheim d’Abou Dhabi aux Émirats arabes unis, une minorité de musées a principalement pour but de raviver (et/ou de diversifier) l’économie de leur territoire, outre un but culturel manifeste. En termes de développement d’une ville, l’efficacité d’un gros investissement patrimonial dépend d’au moins quatre variables. D’abord, ce type d’investissement ne devient créateur d’emplois performant que dans la mesure où il réussit à devenir un pôle d’attraction touristique. Ensuite, l’impact de l’investissement sur le patrimoine culturel peut se révéler néfaste si la promotion du patrimoine occupe une grande part de l’économie. Troisièmement, plus les marchés de la zone en réaménagement sont intégrés, plus il est facile d’absorber les tensions sur les prix nées de la revitalisation urbaine. Quatrièmement, plus forte est la productivité de l’économie de la ville, plus importante est l’absorption des tensions sur les prix. Ce travail vise à apporter un soutien empirique à ces hypothèses dans le cas de Bilbao et du musée Guggenheim.

Suggested Citation

  • Beatriz Plaza, 2008. "On Some Challenges and Conditions for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao to be an Effective Economic Re‐activator," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 506-517, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:2:p:506-517
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00796.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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