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Drought, desertification and poverty: A geospatial analysis of snakebite envenoming in the Caatinga biome of Brazil

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  • Thiago L. Jucá
  • Leonardo R. Oliveira Normando
  • Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim
  • Alex Chapeaurouge
  • Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro‐Moreira
  • Stephen P. Mackessy

Abstract

Epidemiological data on snakebite in the Brazilian state of Ceará are scarce, as the only report on this subject was last published in 1997. However, according to the Brazilian system of recording disease incidents (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação [SINAN]), more than 13,000 snakebites have been registered since 2001 in the state of Ceará, making this disease an important public health issue. In the present study, we evaluate the influence of environmental changes, including drought and desertification, on the risk of snakebite envenoming in the Brazilian northeastern state of Ceará. We compare public data on snakebites from Brazilian Epidemiological Surveillance System (DATASUS), rainfall records, advanced desertification maps, pastures and socioeconomic information of the 184 municipals in Ceará between 2001 and 2017. During the period of investigation, 8,945 snakebites were recorded, the majority (93.8%) of which involved venomous snakes. Almost half of the municipals (48%) had 100 incidences or more per 100,000 inhabitants. Data collected also highlight month‐to‐month occurrences of snakebites, with trends to rise shortly after the onset of precipitation, peaking in July and then trending downward as rainfall decreases, reaching the lowest level in December. We deduce an inverse relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) and snakebites per area. Spearman correlation and principal component analysis support the hypothesis that water scarcity and desertification are linked to increased risk of snakebite envenoming. Our study indicates that besides poverty, dry and desertified areas represent risk factors associated with increased incidence of snakebite envenoming in the state of Ceará.

Suggested Citation

  • Thiago L. Jucá & Leonardo R. Oliveira Normando & Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim & Alex Chapeaurouge & Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro‐Moreira & Stephen P. Mackessy, 2021. "Drought, desertification and poverty: A geospatial analysis of snakebite envenoming in the Caatinga biome of Brazil," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 1685-1696, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijhplm:v:36:y:2021:i:5:p:1685-1696
    DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3180
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David J Williams & Mohd Abul Faiz & Bernadette Abela-Ridder & Stuart Ainsworth & Tommaso C Bulfone & Andrea D Nickerson & Abdulrazaq G Habib & Thomas Junghanss & Hui Wen Fan & Michael Turner & Robert , 2019. "Strategy for a globally coordinated response to a priority neglected tropical disease: Snakebite envenoming," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Robert A Harrison & Adam Hargreaves & Simon C Wagstaff & Brian Faragher & David G Lalloo, 2009. "Snake Envenoming: A Disease of Poverty," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(12), pages 1-6, December.
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    1. Yessi Rahmawati & Andiga Kusuma Nur Ichsan & Annisaa Rizky Dwi Brintanti & Iqram Ramadhan Jamil, 2023. "Geo-spatial analysis: the impact of agriculture productivity, drought, and irrigation on poverty in East Java, Indonesia," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.

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