IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/glopol/v13y2022i1p34-47.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Low‐carbon Equity Market: A New Alternative for Investment Diversification?

Author

Listed:
  • Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel
  • María Belén Lozano
  • Maria Fernanda Ludovina Inácio Matias

Abstract

Addressing the topic of ethical investment, this paper considers stock market indices related to climate change and provides the first comprehensive analysis of the links between low‐carbon equities and conventional equities. Results show that in the long run, low carbon economy indices do not behave like conventional indices, and no balance relationship is identified between the two, such that investors can find in the low‐carbon sector an opportunity to diversify investment as an alternative to traditional equity investment. In the short‐run, the two investment segments display identical behaviour, especially in contemporary terms, with daily dynamics driven fundamentally by market factors. These results will help regulators and policy makers to design policies for sustainable equity investment according to macroprudential policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel & María Belén Lozano & Maria Fernanda Ludovina Inácio Matias, 2022. "The Low‐carbon Equity Market: A New Alternative for Investment Diversification?," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 13(1), pages 34-47, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:glopol:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:34-47
    DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13024
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13024
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1758-5899.13024?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Burcu Erdogan & Vladimir Kuzin, 2009. "Testing for Convergence in Stock Markets: A Non-linear Factor Approach," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 932, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    2. Monasterolo, Irene & de Angelis, Luca, 2020. "Blind to carbon risk? An analysis of stock market reaction to the Paris Agreement," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    3. Aragó, Vicent & Salvador, Enrique, 2011. "Sudden changes in variance and time varying hedge ratios," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 215(2), pages 393-403, December.
    4. Kathleen Herbohn & Ru Gao & Peter Clarkson, 2019. "Evidence on Whether Banks Consider Carbon Risk in Their Lending Decisions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 155-175, August.
    5. Olasupo Olusi & Haikal Abdul-Majid, 2008. "Diversification prospects in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) equity markets: a synthesis and an update," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(18), pages 1451-1463.
    6. Aloui, Riadh & Aïssa, Mohamed Safouane Ben & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2011. "Global financial crisis, extreme interdependences, and contagion effects: The role of economic structure?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 130-141, January.
    7. Agle, Bradley R. & Donaldson, Thomas & Freeman, R. Edward & Jensen, Michael C. & Mitchell, Ronald K. & Wood, Donna J., 2008. "Dialogue: Toward Superior Stakeholder Theory," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(2), pages 153-190, April.
    8. Kenourgios, Dimitris & Samitas, Aristeidis, 2011. "Equity market integration in emerging Balkan markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 296-307, September.
    9. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    10. Eduardo Roca & Victor S.H. Wong & Gurudeo Anand Tularam, 2010. "Are socially responsible investment markets worldwide integrated?," Accounting Research Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 23(3), pages 281-301, November.
    11. Janusz Brzeszczyński & Graham McIntosh, 2014. "Performance of Portfolios Composed of British SRI Stocks," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 120(3), pages 335-362, March.
    12. Rob Bauer & Jeroen Derwall & Rogér Otten, 2007. "The Ethical Mutual Fund Performance Debate: New Evidence from Canada," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 70(2), pages 111-124, January.
    13. Carmen Pilar Marti & M. Rosa Rovira‐Val & Lisa G. J. Drescher, 2015. "Are Firms that Contribute to Sustainable Development Better Financially?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(5), pages 305-319, September.
    14. Cristiana Tudor, 2011. "Changes in Stock Markets Interdependencies as a Result of the Global Financial Crisis: Empirical Investigation on the CEE Region," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 58(4), pages 525-543, December.
    15. M.J. Mace & Claire L. Fyson & Michiel Schaeffer & William L. Hare, 2021. "Large‐Scale Carbon Dioxide Removal to Meet the 1.5°C Limit: Key Governance Gaps, Challenges and Priority Responses," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 12(S1), pages 67-81, April.
    16. GABRIEL, Victor Manuel de Sousa & MANSO, José Ramos Pires, 2014. "Financial Crisis And Stock Market Linkages," Revista Galega de Economía, University of Santiago de Compostela. Faculty of Economics and Business., vol. 23(4), pages 133-148.
    17. Renneboog, Luc & Ter Horst, Jenke & Zhang, Chendi, 2008. "Socially responsible investments: Institutional aspects, performance, and investor behavior," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1723-1742, September.
    18. Atif HUSSAIN* & Tahir SAEED*, 2016. "Cointegration of Stock Market Returns: A Case of Asian Countries," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 26(2), pages 153-181.
    19. Søren Johansen & Katarina Juselius, 1989. "The Full Information Maximum Likelihood Procedure for Inference on Cointegration - with Applications," Discussion Papers 89-11, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics.
    20. Geert Bekaert & Campbell R. Harvey & Christian Lundblad & Stephan Siegel, 2007. "Global Growth Opportunities and Market Integration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1081-1137, June.
    21. Syriopoulos, Theodore & Roumpis, Efthimios, 2009. "Dynamic correlations and volatility effects in the Balkan equity markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 565-587, October.
    22. Branch, Ben, 1974. "Common Stock Performance and Inflation: An International Comparison," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 47(1), pages 48-52, January.
    23. Antonio Vives & Baljit Wadhwa, 2012. "Sustainability indices in emerging markets: impact on responsible practices and financial market development," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(3-4), pages 318-337, October.
    24. Fama, Eugene F, 1970. "Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 383-417, May.
    25. Clementino, Ester & Perkins, Richard, 2020. "How do companies respond to environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings? Evidence from Italy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103046, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    26. Ripley, Duncan M, 1973. "Systematic Elements in the Linkage of National Stock Market Indices," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 55(3), pages 356-361, August.
    27. Bollerslev, Tim, 1990. "Modelling the Coherence in Short-run Nominal Exchange Rates: A Multivariate Generalized ARCH Model," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(3), pages 498-505, August.
    28. Johansen, Soren, 1988. "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 231-254.
    29. Tse, Y K & Tsui, Albert K C, 2002. "A Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model with Time-Varying Correlations," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 351-362, July.
    30. Bertoneche, Marc L., 1979. "An empirical analysis of the interrelationships among equity markets under changing exchange rate systems," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 397-405, December.
    31. Bley, Jorg, 2009. "European stock market integration: Fact or fiction?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 759-776, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lozano, M. Belén & Martínez-Ferrero, Jennifer, 2022. "Do emerging and developed countries differ in terms of sustainable performance? Analysis of board, ownership and country-level factors," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Zhu, Qing & Lu, Kai & Liu, Shan & Ruan, Yinglin & Wang, Lin & Yang, Sung-Byung, 2022. "Can low-carbon value bring high returns? Novel quantitative trading from portfolio-of-investment targets in a new-energy market," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 755-769.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel & David Rodeiro‐Pazos, 2018. "Do Short‐ and Long‐Term Environmental Investments Follow the Same Path?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(1), pages 14-28, January.
    2. Gabriel, Vítor, 2018. "Environmentally sustainable investment: Dynamics between global thematic indices," Cuadernos de Gestión, Universidad del País Vasco - Instituto de Economía Aplicada a la Empresa (IEAE).
    3. Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel & María Mar Miralles-Quirós & José Luis Miralles-Quirós, 2021. "Shades between Black and Green Investment: Balance or Imbalance?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, April.
    4. GABRIEL, Victor Manuel de Sousa & MANSO, José Ramos Pires, 2014. "Financial Crisis And Stock Market Linkages," Revista Galega de Economía, University of Santiago de Compostela. Faculty of Economics and Business., vol. 23(4), pages 133-148.
    5. Claudeci Da Silva & Hugo Agudelo Murillo & Joaquim Miguel Couto, 2014. "Early Warning Systems: Análise De Ummodelo Probit De Contágio De Crise Dos Estados Unidos Para O Brasil(2000-2010)," Anais do XL Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 40th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 110, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    6. María del Mar Miralles-Quirós & José Luis Miralles-Quirós, 2017. "Improving Diversification Opportunities for Socially Responsible Investors," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 140(2), pages 339-351, January.
    7. Nicholas Apergis & Vassilios Babalos & Christina Christou & Rangan Gupta, 2019. "Are there Really Long-Run Diversification Benefits from Sustainable Investments?," International Journal of Business and Economics, School of Management Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, vol. 18(2), pages 141-163, September.
    8. Boubaker, Sabri & Jouini, Jamel & Lahiani, Amine, 2016. "Financial contagion between the US and selected developed and emerging countries: The case of the subprime crisis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 14-28.
    9. José Luis Miralles-Quirós & María Mar Miralles-Quirós & José Manuel Nogueira, 2020. "Sustainable Development Goals and Investment Strategies: The Profitability of Using Five-Factor Fama-French Alphas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, February.
    10. Yarovaya, Larisa & Lau, Marco Chi Keung, 2016. "Stock market comovements around the Global Financial Crisis: Evidence from the UK, BRICS and MIST markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 605-619.
    11. Maximilian-Benedikt Herwarth Kohn & Pedro L. Valls Pereira, 2017. "Speculative bubbles and contagion: Analysis of volatility’s clusters during the DotCom bubble based on the dynamic conditional correlation model," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1411453-141, January.
    12. Rahim, Adam Mohamed & Masih, Mansur, 2016. "Portfolio diversification benefits of Islamic investors with their major trading partners: Evidence from Malaysia based on MGARCH-DCC and wavelet approaches," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 425-438.
    13. Chor-yiu SIN, 2004. "Estimation and Testing for Partially Nonstationary Vector Autoregressive Models with GARCH: WLS versus QMLE," Econometric Society 2004 Australasian Meetings 92, Econometric Society.
    14. Angelovska, Julijana, 2017. "The Impact Of Financial Crises On The Short-Term Interaction Between Balkan Stock Markets," UTMS Journal of Economics, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Macedonia, vol. 8(2), pages 53-66.
    15. Marcel Aloy & Mohamed Boutahar & Karine Gente & Anne P駵in-Feissolle, 2013. "Long-run relationships between international stock prices: further evidence from fractional cointegration tests," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(7), pages 817-828, March.
    16. P. J. Dawson & A. L. Tiffin & B. White, 2000. "Optimal Hedging Ratios for Wheat and Barley at the LIFFE: A GARCH Approach," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 147-161, May.
    17. Mehmet Balcilar & Riza Demirer & Rangan Gupta, 2017. "Do Sustainable Stocks Offer Diversification Benefits for Conventional Portfolios? An Empirical Analysis of Risk Spillovers and Dynamic Correlations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-18, October.
    18. Ramiz ur Rehman & Muhammad Zain ul Abidin & Rizwan Ali & Safwan Mohd Nor & Muhammad Akram Naseem & Mudassar Hasan & Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, 2021. "The Integration of Conventional Equity Indices with Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices: Evidence from Emerging Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-27, January.
    19. Neifar, Malika, 2021. "Suisse stock return, Macro Factors, and Efficient Market ‎Hypothesis: evidence from ARDL model," MPRA Paper 105717, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Jacek Lipiec, 2016. "Does Warsaw stock exchange value corporate social responsibility?," Social Responsibility Journal, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 12(3), pages 613-624, August.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:glopol:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:34-47. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/lsepsuk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.