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Role of international politics on agri‐food trade: Evidence from US–Canada bilateral relations

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  • Sylvanus Kwaku Afesorgbor
  • Eugene Beaulieu

Abstract

A well‐functioning trade relationship between Canada and the United States is crucial to the economic vitality of the Canadian agri‐food industry. However, agri‐food trade is more susceptible than other sectors to political interventions. The Trump presidency has strained Canada–US relations and his trade policy actions have significantly increased trade restrictions and trade policy uncertainty and undermined the rules‐based global trading system. We examine the pattern of agri‐food trade between the two countries and find that the upward trajectory of bilateral agri‐food trade ended in 2013. Although this flatlining predates the Trump administration, we show that Trump increased trade policy uncertainty starting in 2017 and likely impacted further expansion of trade. We examine what might change under the Biden presidency and argue that the new administration is likely to restore strong relationships with allies and work to rebuild important international institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although protectionist forces will continue to impact bilateral agri‐food trade, we expect closer political ties between a Biden administration and the Canadian Prime Minister. This should have a positive effect on the Canadian agri‐food industry by reducing trade uncertainties, thereby increasing agri‐food trade between Canada and the United States. Une relation commerciale efficace entre le Canada et les États‐Unis est essentielle à la vitalité économique de l'industrie agroalimentaire canadienne. Cependant, le commerce agroalimentaire est plus sensible que les autres secteurs aux interventions politiques. La présidence Trump a mis à rude épreuve les relations canado‐américaines et ses mesures de politique commerciale ont considérablement accru les restrictions et l'incertitude en matière de commerce en plus de miner les règles sur lesquelles le commerce mondial se fonde. Nous examinons la structure du commerce agroalimentaire entre les deux pays et constatons que croissance du commerce agroalimentaire bilatéral a pris fin en 2013. Bien qu'une stagnation précède l'administration Trump, nous montrons que Trump a accru l'incertitude de la politique commerciale à partir de 2017, impactant négativement une probable expansion du commerce. Nous examinons ce qui pourrait changer sous une présidence Biden et affirmons que la nouvelle administration est susceptible de rétablir des relations solides avec les alliés et de travailler à la reconstruction d'importantes institutions internationales telles que l'OMC. Bien que les forces protectionnistes continueront d'avoir un impact sur le commerce agroalimentaire bilatéral, nous nous attendons à des liens politiques plus étroits entre une administration Biden et le Premier ministre canadien. Cela devrait avoir un effet positif sur l'industrie agroalimentaire canadienne en réduisant les incertitudes commerciales, augmentant ainsi le commerce agroalimentaire entre le Canada et les États‐Unis.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvanus Kwaku Afesorgbor & Eugene Beaulieu, 2021. "Role of international politics on agri‐food trade: Evidence from US–Canada bilateral relations," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(1), pages 27-35, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:69:y:2021:i:1:p:27-35
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12267
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    1. Afesorgbor, S.K. & van Bergeijk, P.A.G. & Demena, B.A., 2021. "Does COVID-19 threaten globalization?," ISS Working Papers - General Series 683, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam (ISS), The Hague.

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