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L'accès à l’électricité: une solution pour réduire la déforestation en Afrique?

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  • Novice Patrick Bakehe

Abstract

Dans la littérature économique, il a été largement démontré que l'accès à l’électricité a des externalités positives sur diverses dimensions du bien‐être, notamment la participation au marché du travail et l'amélioration du capital humain. Cependant, ces effets sur la déforestation sont moins connus malgré les liens existants entre l'utilisation de certains combustibles et la dégradation des forêts. Cet article s'intéresse à l'effet de l'accès à l’électricité sur la déforestation à partir des données de 47 pays africains. Sur la période 1990–2015, nous montrons que l'amélioration de l'accès à l’électricité réduit le taux de déforestation. Cependant, en excluant les pays du Maghreb et l'Afrique du Sud de notre échantillon, l'effet de l'accès à l’électricité devient non significatif. Les mesures telles que la baisse des prix de consommation de l’électricité et un service de qualité pourraient augmenter les chances de substitution des sources d’énergie plus perfectionnées comme l’électricité à la biomasse traditionnelle et par conséquent réduire la déforestation.

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  • Novice Patrick Bakehe, 2020. "L'accès à l’électricité: une solution pour réduire la déforestation en Afrique?," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(3), pages 338-348, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:32:y:2020:i:3:p:338-348
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-8268.12443
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