Evaluating factors that affect Corporate Social Responsibility participation in selected Small and Medium Enterprises in Zambia

In Chapter two, Literature is being reviewed from books, journal articles, prior research, case studies, magazines, online sources and various studies that have studied or reviewed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are outlined. The objective of this study, is to evaluate the factors that affect SME participation in CSR. The research questions developed in the aforementioned chapter are designed with this objective in observance. The first section of this chapter, reviews Corporate Governance, being the realm of the study; looks at prior and related research including worldwide research, African Continent research and research done in Zambia by Choongo in 2017. Furthermore, CSR is outlined and prior research done by Mayondi (2014) is reviewed. To add on, Attitudes towards CSR are reviewed through a research done by Jahan and Axelson. Organisation Culture is evaluated through the research done by Jackson (2012) in Estonia. In addition, Patzelt and Shephered undertook a study on sustainable entrepreneurs in Berlin and Stonkutė etal (2018) undertook research on CSR practice and training and the research adopted an international approach, analysing universities located in several continents. Finally, SMEs are reviewed in the research done by Chibwe (2008). In the second section, there is a critical review of empirical studies, gaps, contradictions and inconsistence in the literature reviewed (empirical). In the final analysis, the knowledge gaps and the possible outlines of what research should be undertaken is outlined.