Inter-Generational Employment Spillovers From Tourism Across The Eu

How much of an economic stimulus does tourism in the EU provide by generating jobs and boosting aggregate employment? Using unbalanced panel data samples across 301 NUTS-2 statistical regions for the period 2006–2017, the impact of the tourism industry on employment rates in these regions has been analysed. This paper utilises the generalised method of moments (GMM) and Granger causality tests in panel data models to investigate the hypothesis that tourism indices per capita are on average positively associated with employment rates. In the analysis, older workers were segregated as a group and regressed separately, along with other groups of workers. The subsample analyses across regions indicate that those aged 15–64, followed by workers aged 20–64, are amongst the largest beneficiaries of these spill-overs in terms of higher employment rates. Using a robust system generalised method of moments (SGMM), the results show that no definitive conclusion could be made for older workers—those aged 55–64— because the SGMM regression yielded a not significant result.