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How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of project DARE outcome evaluations

Author

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  • Ennett, S.T.
  • Tobler, N.S.
  • Ringwalt, C.L.
  • Flewelling, R.L.

Abstract

Objectives. Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) is the most widely used school-based drug use prevention program in the United States, but the findings of rigorous evaluations of its effectiveness have not been considered collectively. Methods. We used meta-analytic techniques to review eight methodologically rigorous DARE evaluations. Weighted effect size means for several short-term outcomes also were compared with means reported for other drug use prevention programs. Results. The DARE effect size for drug use behavior ranged from .00 to .11 across the eight studies; the weighted mean for drug use across studies was .06. For all outcomes considered, the DARE effect size means were substantially smaller than those of programs emphasizing social and general competencies and using interactive teaching strategies. Conclusions. DARE's short-term effectiveness for reducing or preventing drug use behavior is small and is less than for interactive prevention programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ennett, S.T. & Tobler, N.S. & Ringwalt, C.L. & Flewelling, R.L., 1994. "How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of project DARE outcome evaluations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 84(9), pages 1394-1401.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1994:84:9:1394-1401_0
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    Cited by:

    1. James X. Sullivan, 2018. "The Role of Nonprofits in Designing and Implementing Evidence-Based Programs," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 678(1), pages 155-163, July.
    2. Lorraine Green Mazerolle & Sacha Rombouts & David W. Soole, 2005. "PROTOCOL: A Systematic Review of Drug Law Enforcement Strategies," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(1), pages 1-19.
    3. Benjamin W. Fisher & Anthony Petrosino & Hannah Sutherland & Sarah Guckenburg & Trevor Fronius & Ivan Benitez & Kevin Earl, 2023. "School‐based law enforcement strategies to reduce crime, increase perceptions of safety, and improve learning outcomes in primary and secondary schools: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(4), December.
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    5. Richard L. Dukes & Jodie B. Ullman & Judith A. Stein, 1995. "An Evaluation of D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), Using a Solomon Four-Group Design With Latent Variables," Evaluation Review, , vol. 19(4), pages 409-435, August.
    6. Wei Pan & Haiyan Bai, 2009. "A Multivariate Approach to a Meta-Analytic Review of the Effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. Program," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-11, January.
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    8. Sarah A. Soule, 1999. "The Diffusion of an Unsuccessful Innovation," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 566(1), pages 120-131, November.
    9. Richard F. Catalano & M. Lisa Berglund & Jean A. M. Ryan & Heather S. Lonczak & J. David Hawkins, 2004. "Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 591(1), pages 98-124, January.
    10. Joel H. Brown & Marianne D'Emidio Caston, 1995. "On Becoming "At Risk" Through Drug Education," Evaluation Review, , vol. 19(4), pages 451-491, August.
    11. Kelley, Allyson & Fatupaito, Bethany & Witzel, Morgan, 2018. "Is culturally based prevention effective? Results from a 3-year tribal substance use prevention program," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 28-35.
    12. Kevin N. Griffith & Lawrence M. Scheier, 2013. "Did We Get Our Money’s Worth? Bridging Economic and Behavioral Measures of Program Success in Adolescent Drug Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-28, November.
    13. Richard L. Dukes & Jodie B . Ullman & Judith A. Stein, 1996. "Three-Year Follow-Up of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.)," Evaluation Review, , vol. 20(1), pages 49-66, February.
    14. Anderson, D. Mark, 2010. "Does information matter? The effect of the Meth Project on meth use among youths," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 732-742, September.
    15. L. Thomas Winfree JR & Finn-Aage Esbensen & D. Wayne Osgood, 1996. "Evaluating a School-Based Gang-Prevention Program," Evaluation Review, , vol. 20(2), pages 181-203, April.
    16. Dennis J. Palumbo & Jennifer L. Ferguson, 1995. "Evaluating Gang Resistance Education and Training (Great)," Evaluation Review, , vol. 19(6), pages 597-619, December.
    17. Andrés Raineri Bernain, 2001. "Desarrollo De Habilidades Psicosociales En Ejecutivos: Una Revision De La Literatura," Abante, Escuela de Administracion. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 4(2), pages 157-192.
    18. Marianne D'Emidio-Caston & Joel H. Brown, 1998. "The Other Side of the Story," Evaluation Review, , vol. 22(1), pages 95-117, February.
    19. Anthony Petrosino, 2003. "Standards for Evidence and Evidence for Standards: The Case of School-Based Drug Prevention," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 587(1), pages 180-207, May.
    20. John Coleman & Daniel Hale & Richard Layard, 2011. "A Model for the Delivery of Evidence-Based PSHE (Personal Wellbeing) in Secondary Schools," CEP Discussion Papers dp1071, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    21. Hale, Daniel & Coleman, John & Layard, Richard, 2011. "A model for the delivery of evidence-based PSHE (personal wellbeing) in secondary schools," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 121726, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    22. Anderson, D. Mark & Rees, Daniel I., 2015. "Per se drugged driving laws and traffic fatalities," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 122-134.
    23. Morrissey, Erin & Wandersman, Abraham & Seybolt, Diana & Nation, Maury & Crusto, Cindy & Davino, Katie, 1997. "Toward a framework for bridging the gap between science and practice in prevention: A focus on evaluator and practitioner perspectives," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 367-377, August.
    24. Ita G.G. Kreft, 1998. "An Illustration of Item Homoge-Neity Scaling and Multilevel Analysis Techniques in the Evaluation of Drug Prevention Programs," Evaluation Review, , vol. 22(1), pages 46-77, February.
    25. Chad Nye & Jamie Schwartz & Herb Turner, 2005. "PROTOCOL: The Effectiveness of Parental Involvement for Improving the Academic Performance of Elementary School Children," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(1), pages 1-19.

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