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Impact evaluation of a public bicycle share program on cycling: A case example of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec

Author

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  • Fuller, D.
  • Gauvin, L.
  • Kestens, Y.
  • Daniel, M.
  • Fournier, M.
  • Morency, P.
  • Drouin, L.

Abstract

Objectives. We examined associations between residential exposure to BIXI (BIcycle-taXI)-a public bicycle share program implemented in Montreal, Quebec, in 2009, which increases accessibility to cycling by making available 5050 bicycles at 405 bicycle docking stations-and likelihood of cycling (BIXI and non- BIXI) in Montreal over the first 2 years of implementation. Methods. Three population-based samples of adults participated in telephone surveys. Data collection occurred at the launch of the program (spring 2009), and at the end of the first (fall 2009) and second (fall 2010) seasons of implementation. Difference in differences models assessed whether greater cycling was observed for those exposed to BIXI compared with those not exposed at each time point. Results. We observed a greater likelihood of cycling for those exposed to the public bicycle share program after the second season of implementation (odds ratio = 2.86; 95% confidence interval = 1.85, 4.42) after we controlled for weather, built environment, and individual variables. Conclusions. The implementation of a public bicycle share program can lead to greater likelihood of cycling among persons living in areas where bicycles are made available.

Suggested Citation

  • Fuller, D. & Gauvin, L. & Kestens, Y. & Daniel, M. & Fournier, M. & Morency, P. & Drouin, L., 2013. "Impact evaluation of a public bicycle share program on cycling: A case example of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(3), pages 85-92.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2012.300917_0
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300917
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    Cited by:

    1. Benjamin T. Hazen & Robert E. Overstreet & Yacan Wang, 2015. "Predicting Public Bicycle Adoption Using the Technology Acceptance Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Todd, James & O'Brien, Oliver & Cheshire, James, 2021. "A global comparison of bicycle sharing systems," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    3. Mateo-Babiano, Iderlina & Bean, Richard & Corcoran, Jonathan & Pojani, Dorina, 2016. "How does our natural and built environment affect the use of bicycle sharing?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 295-307.
    4. Mononen, Petri & Leviäkangas, Pekka & Haapasalo, Harri, 2017. "From internal efficiency to societal benefits – Multi modal transport safety agency's socio-economic impact analysis," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 78-90.
    5. Caulfield, Brian & O'Mahony, Margaret & Brazil, William & Weldon, Peter, 2017. "Examining usage patterns of a bike-sharing scheme in a medium sized city," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 152-161.
    6. Apparicio, Philippe & Carrier, Mathieu & Gelb, Jérémy & Séguin, Anne-Marie & Kingham, Simon, 2016. "Cyclists' exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise in central city neighbourhoods of Montreal," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 63-69.
    7. Chen, Ching-Fu & Lee, Chia-Han, 2023. "Investigating shared e-scooter users’ customer value co-creation behaviors and their antecedents: Perceived service quality and perceived value," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 147-154.
    8. Wong, Melvin & Farooq, Bilal & Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre, 2016. "Next Direction Route Choice Model for Cyclist Using Panel Data," 57th Transportation Research Forum (51st CTRF) Joint Conference, Toronto, Ontario, May 1-4, 2016 319265, Transportation Research Forum.
    9. Kong, Hui & Wu, Jingyi & Li, Pengfei, 2024. "Impacts of active mobility on individual health mediated by physical activities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    10. Radzimski, Adam & Dzięcielski, Michał, 2021. "Exploring the relationship between bike-sharing and public transport in Poznań, Poland," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 189-202.
    11. Hong Lang & Shiwen Zhang & Kexin Fang & Yingying Xing & Qingwen Xue, 2023. "What Is the Impact of a Dockless Bike-Sharing System on Urban Public Transit Ridership: A View from Travel Distances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-14, July.
    12. Jia, Yingnan & Fu, Hua, 2019. "Association between innovative dockless bicycle sharing programs and adopting cycling in commuting and non-commuting trips," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 12-21.
    13. Jinyi Zhou & Changyuan Jing & Xiangjun Hong & Tian Wu, 2019. "Winter Sabotage: The Three-Way Interactive Effect of Gender, Age, and Season on Public Bikesharing Usage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-14, June.
    14. Braun, Lindsay M. & Rodriguez, Daniel A. & Cole-Hunter, Tom & Ambros, Albert & Donaire-Gonzalez, David & Jerrett, Michael & Mendez, Michelle A. & Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. & de Nazelle, Audrey, 2016. "Short-term planning and policy interventions to promote cycling in urban centers: Findings from a commute mode choice analysis in Barcelona, Spain," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 164-183.
    15. Mix, Richard & Hurtubia, Ricardo & Raveau, Sebastián, 2022. "Optimal location of bike-sharing stations: A built environment and accessibility approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 126-142.
    16. Kim, Minjun & Cho, Gi-Hyoug, 2021. "Analysis on bike-share ridership for origin-destination pairs: Effects of public transit route characteristics and land-use patterns," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    17. Akbari Majid & Zarghamfard Moslem & Hajisharifi Arezoo & Amir Entekhabi Shahram & Goodarzipour Sadrallah, 2022. "Modelling the Obstacles to using Bicycle Sharing Systems in the Tehran Metropolis: A Structural Analysis," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 41(2), pages 109-124, June.
    18. Pedro Plasencia-Lozano, 2021. "Evaluation of a New Urban Cycling Infrastructure in Caceres (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.
    19. Jessica Schoner & Greg Lindsey & David Levinson, 2015. "Is Bicycling Contagious? Effects of Bike Share Stations and Activity on System Membership and General Population Cycling," Working Papers 000137, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.

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