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Electrified Vehicle Technology Trends, Infrastructure Implications, and Cost Comparisons

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  • Tuttle, David P.
  • Kockelman, Kara M.

Abstract

Alternatives to petroleum-based fuels for transportation are sought to address concerns over climate change and energy security. Key semiconductor, software, and battery technologies have sufficiently progressed over the past few decades to enable a mass-market-viable plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) alternative. In this paper, the various PEV architectures are described, including market availability, technologies and trends, practical ranges, battery replacement and power costs, implications for grid operations, and other developments. Manufacturers’ recently announced prices and EPA standardized test data are used (where available) to increase the accuracy of cost comparisons for competing vehicles. Results indicate that in relatively low fuel-cost regions, like the U.S., PEVs enjoy a positive discounted net present value, thanks to tax credits and assuming that the original battery does not need replacement by the owner. Even without the tax credits, PEVs offer financial payback for those residing in higher fuel-cost regions, as long as their batteries last the vehicle’s lifetime or are replaced by manufacturers (under warranty).

Suggested Citation

  • Tuttle, David P. & Kockelman, Kara M., 2012. "Electrified Vehicle Technology Trends, Infrastructure Implications, and Cost Comparisons," Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, Transportation Research Forum, vol. 51(1).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ndjtrf:207305
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.207305
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Tirumalachetty, Sumala & Kockelman, Kara M. & Nichols, Brice G., 2013. "Forecasting greenhouse gas emissions from urban regions: microsimulation of land use and transport patterns in Austin, Texas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 220-229.
    2. Chen, T. Donna & Wang, Yiyi & Kockelman, Kara M., 2015. "Where are the electric vehicles? A spatial model for vehicle-choice count data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 181-188.
    3. Dixon, James & Andersen, Peter Bach & Bell, Keith & Træholt, Chresten, 2020. "On the ease of being green: An investigation of the inconvenience of electric vehicle charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    4. He, Fang & Wu, Di & Yin, Yafeng & Guan, Yongpei, 2013. "Optimal deployment of public charging stations for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 87-101.
    5. Reid, Sergey & Spence, David B., 2016. "Methodology for evaluating existing infrastructure and facilitating the diffusion of PEVs," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 1-10.
    6. Deetjen, Thomas A. & Garrison, Jared B. & Rhodes, Joshua D. & Webber, Michael E., 2016. "Solar PV integration cost variation due to array orientation and geographic location in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 607-616.
    7. Morton, Craig & Anable, Jillian & Yeboah, Godwin & Cottrill, Caitlin, 2018. "The spatial pattern of demand in the early market for electric vehicles: Evidence from the United Kingdom," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 119-130.
    8. Samuel Pelletier & Ola Jabali & Gilbert Laporte, 2016. "50th Anniversary Invited Article—Goods Distribution with Electric Vehicles: Review and Research Perspectives," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(1), pages 3-22, February.

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