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Using a Generalized Differenced Demand Model to Estimate Price and Expenditure Elasticities for Milk and Meat in Austria

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  • Widenhorn, Andreas
  • Salhofer, Klaus

Abstract

Applying a generalized demand system approach, we estimate both current price and expenditure elasticities in the Austrian food retail market based on a dataset covering a time period of approximately ten years. Within the framework of a three-stage-budgeting approach, more disaggregated demand reactions for milk products and types of meat are estimated. Conformable with demand theory, price reactions are found to be less elastic the more aggregated the product groups are. Generally, demand for pork and beef turns out fairly price-elastic. Similarly, price reactions for cheese and milk are stronger than average estimates for European markets. Substitution patterns are more distinct than those found in a comparable study for Germany. In addition, our study indicates the importance of modeling a comprehensive budgeting process rather than isolated levels of product aggregation when deriving both price and expenditure elasticities of demand. Das Kernstück dieser Arbeit liegt in der Berechnung aktueller Preis- und Ausgabenelastizitäten für den österreichischen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel. Anhand von Daten für einen Zeitabschnitt von etwa zehn Jahren erfolgt die Errechnung dieser Elastizitäten auf Basis eines verallgemeinerten Ansatzes zur Nachfragemodellierung und unter Zugrundelegung eines dreistufigen Budgetierungsprozesses. Disaggregierte Nachfragereaktionen werden hierbei für die Kategorien Milch und Fleisch analysiert. Im Einklang mit der ökonomischen Theorie nimmt die Stärke der Elastizität mit dem Grad der Aggregation ab. Überdies finden sich für die Teilgruppen Schwein und Rind relativ elastische Preisreaktionen, dies gilt auch für die Teilgruppen Trinkmilch und Käse im Vergleich mit den in anderen Studien für europäische Märkte gefundenen Durchschnittswerten. Substitutionsbeziehungen zwischen den einzelnen Teilgruppen von Fleisch fallen höher aus als in einer vergleichbaren Studie für das benachbarte Deutschland. Zudem deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass ein Modellierungsansatz, welcher alle Stufen eines Budgetierungsprozesses abbildet, einem Ansatz auf Basis isolierter Stufen vorzuziehen ist.

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  • Widenhorn, Andreas & Salhofer, Klaus, 2014. "Using a Generalized Differenced Demand Model to Estimate Price and Expenditure Elasticities for Milk and Meat in Austria," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 63(02), pages 1-16, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:gjagec:253154
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.253154
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