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An Application of the Error Correction Model in Analyzing the Long Run Equilibrium between Ghana’s Exports and Imports

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  • de-Graft Acquah, Henry
  • De-Graft Acquah, Joyce

Abstract

This study investigates the long-run relationship between Ghana’s exports and imports for the period of 1948 to 2012. Using the Engle Granger two-step procedure we find that Ghana’s exports and imports are cointegrated. However, the slope coefficients from the cointegration equations were not statistically equal to 1. Furthermore, application of the error correction model reveals that 1% increase in the imports will significantly result in 0.56% increase in exports, suggesting that the exports’ responsiveness to imports is low. The estimated error correction coefficient suggests that 32% of the deviation from the long run equilibrium relation is eliminated, leaving 68% to persist into the next period. These results suggest persistence in the trade deficit and an option of curbing the deficit is to re-order the relationship between imports and exports with a view to reducing imports demand. These results imply that though Ghana’s past macroeconomic policies have been effective in bringing its imports and exports into a long run equilibrium, it is yet to satisfy the sufficient condition for sustainability of foreign deficit.

Suggested Citation

  • de-Graft Acquah, Henry & De-Graft Acquah, Joyce, 2015. "An Application of the Error Correction Model in Analyzing the Long Run Equilibrium between Ghana’s Exports and Imports," APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, AGRIMBA, vol. 9(3), pages 1-6, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:apstra:231053
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.231053
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tuck Cheong Tang, 2006. "Are Imports And Exports In The Oic Member Countries Cointegrated? A Reexamination," IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, IIUM Journal of Economis and Management, vol. 14(1), pages 49-79, December.
    2. Francis Annan, 2011. "Testing Long Run Relationship between Exports and Imports: Evidence from Ghana," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 3(6), pages 381-387.
    3. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
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    5. Arize, Augustine C., 2002. "Imports and exports in 50 countries: Tests of cointegration and structural breaks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 101-115, April.
    6. Granger, C W J & Lee, T H, 1989. "Investigation of Production, Sales and Inventory Relationships Using Multicointegration and Non-symmetric Error Correction Models," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 4(S), pages 145-159, Supplemen.
    7. Fountas Stilianos & Wu Jyh-Lin, 1999. "Are the U.S. Current Account Deficits Really Sustainable?," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(3), pages 51-58.
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    1. Henry, De-Graft Acquah & Lawrence, Acheampong, 2017. "Comparing Parametric And Semiparametric Error Correction Models For Estimation Of Long Run Equilibrium Between Exports And Imports," APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, AGRIMBA, vol. 11(1-2), September.

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