IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/ajosrd/342243.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Contractual Agriculture: Better Partnerships Between Small Farmers and the Business Sector in the Sultanate of Oman

Author

Listed:
  • Al Ruqishi, Badria Hamed
  • Gibreel , Tarig
  • Akaichi, Faical
  • Zaibet, Lokman
  • Zekri, Slim

Abstract

This study aims to elicit the preferences of Omani small-scale vegetable farmers towards contracting with different emerging and other potential business partners along with other contract terms. To accomplish this, a discrete choice experiment was adopted to elicit farmers' preferences towards different contract models. The choice data was analyzed using both latent classes as well as mixed logit models and as a result, three classes were found to best capture the preferences. Class 1 represents 45% of the respondents who are more likely to adopt the “multipartite contract” model. This segment is characterized by a high education level, older age, and smaller family size. The second class represents 31% of the sample and tends to adopt an “informal contract” model. This group has a low experience, larger farm size, and own their private land. The last class represents 23% of the observations and is in favour of the “centralized contract” model. The main characteristics of this class are the low education level, older age, and medium income. Realizing the farmers’ preferences and their characteristics are certainly important in improving farmers’ participation in the vegetables’ market and gearing the policies towards food security.

Suggested Citation

  • Al Ruqishi, Badria Hamed & Gibreel , Tarig & Akaichi, Faical & Zaibet, Lokman & Zekri, Slim, 2020. "Contractual Agriculture: Better Partnerships Between Small Farmers and the Business Sector in the Sultanate of Oman," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society (AESS), vol. 10(01), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:ajosrd:342243
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.342243
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/342243/files/Contractual%20Agriculture%20Better%20Partnerships%20between%20Small%20Farmers%20and%20the%20Business%20Sector%20in%20the%20Sultanate%20of%20Oman.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.342243?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hope C. Michelson, 2013. "Small Farmers, NGOs, and a Walmart World: Welfare Effects of Supermarkets Operating in Nicaragua," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 95(3), pages 628-649.
    2. Birthal, Pratap S. & Jha, Awadhesh K. & Tiongco, Marites & Narrod, Clare, 2008. "Improving farm-to-market linkages through contract farming: A case study of smallholder dairying in India," IFPRI discussion papers 814, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    3. Senakpon F. A. Dedehouanou & Johan Swinnen & Miet Maertens, 2013. "Does Contracting Make Farmers Happy? Evidence from Senegal," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 59, pages 138-160, October.
    4. Stephanie Schlecht & Achim Spiller, 2012. "A Latent Class Cluster Analysis of Farmers’ Attitudes Towards Contract Design in the Dairy Industry," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(2), pages 121-134, March.
    5. Grosh, Barbara, 1994. "Control Farming in Africa: An Application of the New Institutional Economics," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 3(2), pages 231-261, October.
    6. Landmann, D. & Feil, J.-H. & Lagerkvist, C.J. & Otter, V., 2018. "Designing capacity development activities of small-scale farmers in developing countries based on discrete choice experiments," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277738, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Train,Kenneth E., 2009. "Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521766555, January.
    8. Lajili, Kaouthar & Barry, Peter J. & Sonka, Steven T. & Mahoney, Joseph T., 1997. "Farmers' Preferences For Crop Contracts," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 22(2), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Hazell, P.B.R. & Poulton, Colin & Wiggins, Steve & Dorward, Andrew, 2007. "The future of small farms for poverty reduction and growth:," 2020 vision discussion papers 42, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    10. Getaw Tadesse & Atle G. Guttormsen, 2011. "The behavior of commodity prices in Ethiopia," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 42(1), pages 87-97, January.
    11. Marc F. Bellemare, 2010. "Agricultural extension and imperfect supervision in contract farming: evidence from Madagascar," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 41(6), pages 507-517, November.
    12. W.O. Chamberlain & W. Anseeuw, 2017. "Contract Farming as Part of a Multi-Instrument Inclusive Business Structure: A Theoretical Analysis," Agrekon, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(2), pages 158-172, April.
    13. Castañeda, Andrés & Doan, Dung & Newhouse, David & Nguyen, Minh Cong & Uematsu, Hiroki & Azevedo, João Pedro, 2018. "A New Profile of the Global Poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 250-267.
    14. C. Dolan & J. Humphrey, 2000. "Governance and Trade in Fresh Vegetables: The Impact of UK Supermarkets on the African Horticulture Industry," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(2), pages 147-176.
    15. Michelson, Hope & Reardon, Thomas & Perez, Francisco, 2012. "Small Farmers and Big Retail: Trade-offs of Supplying Supermarkets in Nicaragua," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 342-354.
    16. Kelvin J. Lancaster, 1966. "A New Approach to Consumer Theory," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 74(2), pages 132-132.
    17. Camilla I.M. Andersson & Christine G.K. Chege & Elizaphan J.O. Rao & Matin Qaim, 2015. "Following Up on Smallholder Farmers and Supermarkets in Kenya," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 97(4), pages 1247-1266.
    18. Mishra, Ashok K. & Kumar, Anjani & Joshi, Pramod K. & D'souza, Alwin, 2016. "Impact of contracts in high yielding varieties seed production on profits and yield: The case of Nepal," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 110-121.
    19. H. Holly Wang & Yanbing Wang & Michael S. Delgado, 2014. "The Transition to Modern Agriculture: Contract Farming in Developing Economies," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 96(5), pages 1257-1271.
    20. Keijiro Otsuka & Yuko Nakano & Kazushi Takahashi, 2016. "Contract Farming in Developed and Developing Countries," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 8(1), pages 353-376, October.
    21. Gelaw, Fekadu & Speelman, Stijn & Van Huylenbroeck, Guido, 2016. "Farmers’ marketing preferences in local coffee markets: Evidence from a choice experiment in Ethiopia," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 92-102.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Le Thi Dieu Hien & Jonghwa Kim, 2024. "An Analysis of Relationship Quality and Loyalty Between Farmers and Agribusiness Companies in the Rice Industry: Using Multi-Group Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Badria Hamed Al Ruqishi & Tarig Gibreel & Faical Akaichi & Lokman Zaibet & Slim Zekri, 2020. "Contractual agriculture: better partnerships between small farmers and the business sector in the sultanate of Oman," Asian Journal of Agriculture and rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 10(1), pages 321-335, June.
    2. Ochieng, Dennis O. & Veettil, Prakashan C. & Qaim, Matin, 2017. "Farmers’ preferences for supermarket contracts in Kenya," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 100-111.
    3. Bellemare, Marc F. & Bloem, Jeffrey R., 2018. "Does contract farming improve welfare? A review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 259-271.
    4. Thomas Kopp & Ashok K. Mishra, 2022. "Perishability and market power in Nepalese food crop production," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(2), pages 518-540, June.
    5. Abebe, Gumataw K. & Bijman, Jos & Kemp, Ron & Omta, Onno & Tsegaye, Admasu, 2013. "Contract farming configuration: Smallholders’ preferences for contract design attributes," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 14-24.
    6. Benali, Marwan & Brümmer, Bernhard & Afari-Sefa, Victor, 2017. "Small producer participation in export vegetable supply chains and poverty: evidence from different export schemes in Tanzania," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 262583, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
    7. Khan, Muhammad Fawad & Nakano, Yuko & Kurosaki, Takashi, 2019. "Impact of contract farming on land productivity and income of maize and potato growers in Pakistan," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 28-39.
    8. Arouna, Aminou & Michler, Jeffrey D. & Lokossou, Jourdain C., 2021. "Contract farming and rural transformation: Evidence from a field experiment in Benin," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    9. Delelegne A. Tefera & Jos Bijman, 2021. "Economics of contracts in African food systems: evidence from the malt barley sector in Ethiopia," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, December.
    10. Ayeduvor Selorm & D. B. S. Sarpong & Irene S. Egyir & Akwasi Mensah Bonsu & Henry An, 2023. "Does contract farming affect technical efficiency? Evidence from soybean farmers in Northern Ghana," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    11. Ruml, Anette & Qaim, Matin, 2020. "Effects of marketing contracts and resource-providing contracts in the African small farm sector: Insights from oil palm production in Ghana," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    12. Ogutu, Sylvester Ochieng & Ochieng, Dennis O. & Qaim, Matin, 2020. "Supermarket contracts and smallholder farmers: Implications for income and multidimensional poverty," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    13. Ola, Oreoluwa & Menapace, Luisa, 2020. "A meta-analysis understanding smallholder entry into high-value markets," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    14. Van den Broeck, Goedele & Swinnen, Johan & Maertens, Miet, 2017. "Global value chains, large-scale farming, and poverty: Long-term effects in Senegal," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 97-107.
    15. Rob Kuijpers & Johan Swinnen, 2016. "Value Chains and Technology Transfer to Agriculture in Developing and Emerging Economies," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 98(5), pages 1403-1418.
    16. Fischer, Sabine & Wollni, Meike, 2018. "The role of farmers’ trust, risk and time preferences for contract choices: Experimental evidence from the Ghanaian pineapple sector," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 67-81.
    17. Stephanie D. Rosch & David L. Ortega, 2019. "Willingness to contract versus opportunity to contract: a case study in Kenya's French bean export market," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 50(1), pages 27-37, January.
    18. Bellemare, Marc F. & Lee, Yu Na & Novak, Lindsey, 2021. "Contract farming as partial insurance," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    19. Fanny Widadie & Jos Bijman & Jacques Trienekens, 2021. "Farmer preferences in contracting with modern retail in Indonesia: A choice experiment," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(2), pages 371-392, April.
    20. Anette Ruml & Catherine Ragasa & Matin Qaim, 2022. "Contract farming, contract design and smallholder livelihoods," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 66(1), pages 24-43, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Land Economics/Use;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:ajosrd:342243. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/aesstea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.