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The Financial Transmission of Housing Booms: Evidence from Spain

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  • Alberto Martín
  • Enrique Moral-Benito
  • Tom Schmitz

Abstract

How does a housing boom affect credit to non-housing firms? Using bank, firm, and loan-level microdata, we show that the Spanish housing boom reduced non-housing credit growth during its first years, but stimulated it later on. These patterns can be rationalized by financial constraints for banks. Constrained banks initially accommodated higher housing credit demand by reducing non-housing credit. Eventually, however, the housing boom increased bank net worth and expanded credit supply. A quantitative model, disciplined by our cross-sectional estimates, indicates that the crowding-out effect was substantial but temporary, and had been fully absorbed by the end of the boom.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Martín & Enrique Moral-Benito & Tom Schmitz, 2021. "The Financial Transmission of Housing Booms: Evidence from Spain," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 111(3), pages 1013-1053, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:111:y:2021:i:3:p:1013-53
    DOI: 10.1257/aer.20191410
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    2. Corinna Ghirelli & Danilo Leiva-León & Alberto Urtasun, 2023. "Housing prices in Spain: convergence or decoupling?," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 14(2), pages 165-187, June.
    3. Ivashina, Victoria & Laeven, Luc & Moral-Benito, Enrique, 2022. "Loan types and the bank lending channel," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 171-187.
    4. Kilinc, Mustafa & Ulussever, Talat, 2024. "Changing landscape of the finance-growth nexus: Industry growth, credit types, and external financial dependence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Harald Hau & Difei Ouyang, 2019. "Local Capital Scarcity and Small Firm Growth: Evidence from Real Estate Booms in China," CESifo Working Paper Series 7928, CESifo.
    6. Peter Bednarek & Daniel Marcel te Kaat & Chang Ma & Alessandro Rebucci, 2021. "Capital Flows, Real Estate, and Local Cycles:Evidence from German Cities, Banks, and Firms," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(10), pages 5077-5134.
    7. Nina Biljanovska & Lucyna Gornicka & Alexandros Vardoulakis, 2019. "Optimal Macroprudential Policy and Asset Price Bubbles," IMF Working Papers 2019/184, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Wang, Wenya & Yang, Ei, 2023. "Multi-product firms and misallocation," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    9. Álvarez-Román, Laura & García-Posada, Miguel, 2021. "Are house prices overvalued in Spain? A regional approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    10. Ayberk, İdil & Önder, Zeynep, 2022. "House prices and bank loan portfolios in an emerging market: The role of bank ownership," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    11. Ricardo Correa & Julian di Giovanni & Linda S. Goldberg & Camelia Minoiu, 2023. "Trade Uncertainty and U.S. Bank Lending," NBER Working Papers 31860, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Tobias Herbst & Moritz Kuhn & Farzad Saidi, 2024. "Army of Mortgagors: Long-Run Evidence on Credit Externalities and the Housing Market," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 293, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    13. Vladimir Asriyan & Luc Laeven & Alberto Martin & Alejandro Van der Ghote & Victoria Vanasco, 2021. "Falling Interest Rates and Credit Misallocation: Lessons from General Equilibrium," Working Papers 1268, Barcelona School of Economics.
    14. Tobias Herbst & Moritz Kuhn & Farzad Saidi, 2024. "Army of Mortgagors: Long-Run Evidence on Credit Externalities and the Housing Market," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers 087, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    15. Sebastian Kohl & Alexander Spielau, 2022. "Centring construction in the political economy of housing: variegated growth regimes after the Keynesian construction state," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 46(3), pages 465-490.
    16. Michael Klien, 2024. "Hohe Wohnkosten als Belastung für den Wirtschaftsstandort Salzburg," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 71319, March.
    17. Sergi Basco & David López-Rodríguez & Enrique Moral-Benito, 2021. "House prices and misallocation: The impact of the collateral channel on productivity," Working Papers 2135, Banco de España.
    18. Vladimir Asriyan & Luc Laeven & Alberto Martin & Alejandro Van der Ghote & Victoria Vanasco, 2021. "Falling interest rates and credit reallocation: Lessons from general equilibrium," Economics Working Papers 1784, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jun 2022.
    19. Wan, Junmin, 2024. "Bubble occurrence and landing," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    20. Dong, Feng & Xu, Zhiwei, 2022. "Bubbly bailout," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    21. Flannery, Mark J. & Lin, Leming & Wang, Luxi, 2022. "Housing booms and bank growth," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    22. Carro, Adrian, 2023. "Taming the housing roller coaster: The impact of macroprudential policy on the house price cycle," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    23. Jaume Freire González & Oliver Canosa, 2023. "Economic Crises and Energy Use: An Input-Output Analysis of Catalonia’s 2008–2014 Financial Crisis," Working Papers 1405, Barcelona School of Economics.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets

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