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Method and Substance of Islamic Economics: Moving Where? منهج وموضوع الاقتصاد الإسلامي إلى أين المسير؟

Author

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  • Volker Nienhaus

    (Honorary Professor, University of Bochum (Germany), Visiting Professor, ICMA Centre,Henley Business School,University of Reading (UK), Adjunct Professor, INCEIF,Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).)

Abstract

Islamic economics started as a challenge and a fundamental critique of conventional economics, and the ambition of most Islamic economists of the first generation was the replacement of mainstream economics by a new paradigm based on or at least consistent with comprehensive Islamic worldview. It is questionable whether this goal has been achieved. A growing volume of literature with an ‘Islamic economics’ label follows the same quantitative approach and differs from mainstream only in so far as it deals with phenomena in Muslim countries, especially with aspects of Sharī‘ah-compliant banking and finance. Such studies of economic issues from an Islamic perspective are deeply rooted in conventional economics and lack the systemic or holistic dimension which is indispensable for the establishment of a new paradigm for a science of Islamic economics. Islamic economics as an autonomous discipline requires a systemic orientation, and it is conceptually inextricably linked with Islamic theology and law. However, the necessary intellectual interaction between economists and Sharī‘ah scholars is deficient. While Islamic economists had come forward with models of a financial system based on participatory modes of finance and widespread risk-sharing, many scholars of Islamic law were more concerned with the replication of conventional instruments for risk-free fixed-return transactions or with Sharī‘ah-compliant derivatives. Their efforts have moved Islamic finance closer to the conventional status quo and further away from an alternative system of financial intermediation. This did not contribute to the development of a new paradigm of Islamic economics, but this process is reversible. بدأ الاقتصاد الإسلامي على يد رواد الجيل الأول كتحد ونقد بديل للاقتصاد التقليدي. تبلور هذا الطرح في الدعوة إلى علم اقتصاد جديد قائم بشكل وثيق بالرؤية الإسلامية. بعد مضي هذه المدة غير اليسيرة على تلك الدعوة يطرح التساؤل الملح نفسه: هل تحقق ذلك الهدف؟ إن عدداً لا يستهان به من الأدبيات التي تحمل نعت الاقتصاد الإسلامي تطور ونما باستخدام ذات المسلك الكمي المتبع في الاقتصاد التقليدي، فلم يختلف معه إلا في ارتباط تلك الدراسات بالدول الإسلامية، وخاصة ما تعلق بمظاهر الصيرفة والتمويل المتوافق مع الشريعة. أظهرت هذه الدراسات أنها مرتبطة بشكل جذري بالاقتصاد التقليدي، مفتقدة؛ بل ومبتعدة عن المنهج المتناسق الذي يمثل أحد الدعائم الأساسية لقيام علم مستقل اسمه الاقتصاد الإسلامي. إن قيام علم اقتصاد إسلامي مستقل يتطلب اتباع منهج قائم على النظرة الشمولية المتناسقة التي تربط هذا الحقل المعرفي بالدين الإسلامي وشريعته؛ غير أن التفاعل المفترض بين الاقتصاديين المسلمين، وعلماء الشريعة أظهر عجزه في تحقيق هذا المبتغى؛ فالاقتصاديون المسلمون نظروا لنظام مالي قائم على صيغ المشاركة في المغانم والمغارم، في مقابل ذلك اشتغل علماء الشريعة باستنساخ أدوات مالية إسلامية شبيهة بأدوات التمويل التقليدي القائمة على العائد ذي الهامش الثابت أو المشتقات المتوافقة مع الشريعة، إن هذه المنهجية الأخيرة – التي سلكلها [أعضاء هيئات الرقابة الشرعية]- جعلت التمويل الإسلامي أقرب إلى مبادئ وأسس التمويل التقليدي منه إلى مبادئ وأسس الاقتصاد الإسلامي. إن هذه العملية لم تسهم في بروز علم اقتصاد إسلامي واضح القسمات كما دعا له الأوائل بل ساهم في تراجع تلك الدعوة وعودتها القهقري.

Suggested Citation

  • Volker Nienhaus, 2013. "Method and Substance of Islamic Economics: Moving Where? منهج وموضوع الاقتصاد الإسلامي إلى أين المسير؟," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 26(1), pages 169-202, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:26:y:2013:i:1:no:9:p:169-202
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.26-1.9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hasan, Zubair, 1998. "Book Review: “Teaching Economics in Islamic Perspective“ By M.N.Siddiqi," MPRA Paper 2978, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Caplin, Andrew & Schotter, Andrew, 2008. "The Foundations of Positive and Normative Economics: A Handbook," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195328318.
    3. Backhouse,Roger E., 2010. "The Puzzle of Modern Economics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521532617, October.
    4. Mr. Juan Sole & Andreas Jobst, 2012. "Operative Principles of Islamic Derivatives: Towards a Coherent Theory," IMF Working Papers 2012/063, International Monetary Fund.
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    1. Mohd Mahyudi & Enizahura Abdul Aziz, 2018. "Method and Substance of Islamic Economics Revisited إعادة النظر في منهجية ومرتكزات الاقتصاد الإسلامي," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 31(2), pages 33-50, July.
    2. Abdul Azim Islahi, 2021. "How to Ensure Research Quality in Islamic Economics? كيف نضمن جودة البحث في الاقتصاد الإسلامي؟," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 34(2), pages 147-156, July.

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