My bibliography
Save this item
Do refugee camps help or hurt hosts? The case of Kakuma, Kenya
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:
- Coniglio,Nicola Daniele & Peragine,Vitorocco & Vurchio,Davide, 2022. "The Geography of Displacement, Refugees’ Camps and Social Conflicts," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9983, The World Bank.
- Çakır, Selcen & Erbay, Elif & Kirdar, Murat Güray, 2021. "Syrian Refugees and Human Capital Accumulation of Native Children in Turkey," IZA Discussion Papers 14972, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Aksu, Ege & Erzan, Refik & Kırdar, Murat Güray, 2022.
"The impact of mass migration of Syrians on the Turkish labor market,"
Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
- Ege Aksu & Refik Erzan & Murat Giray Kirdar, 2018. "The Impact of Mass Migration of Syrians on the Turkish Labor Market," Working Papers 2018/04, Bogazici University, Department of Economics.
- Ege Aksu & Refik Erzan & Murat Güray Kırdar, 2019. "The Impact of Mass Migration of Syrians on the Turkish Labor Market," RF Berlin - CReAM Discussion Paper Series 1915, Rockwool Foundation Berlin (RF Berlin) - Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM).
- Aksu, Ege & Erzan, Refik & Kirdar, Murat Güray, 2018. "The Impact of Mass Migration of Syrians on the Turkish Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers 12050, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Ege Aksu & Refik Erzan & Murat Guray Kirdar, 2018. "The Impact of Mass Migration of Syrians on the Turkish Labor Market," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 1815, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
- Verme, Paolo & Schuettler, Kirsten, 2021.
"The impact of forced displacement on host communities: A review of the empirical literature in economics,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
- Verme,Paolo & Schuettler,Kirsten, 2019. "The Impact of Forced Displacement on Host Communities : A Review of the Empirical Literature in Economics," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8727, The World Bank.
- Verme, Paolo & Schuettler, Kirsten, 2020. "The Impact of Forced Displacement on Host Communities. A Review of the Empirical Literature in Economics," GLO Discussion Paper Series 583, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Paolo Verme & Kirsten Schuettler, 2019. "The Impact of Forced Displacement on Host Communities: A Review of the Empirical Literature in Economics," HiCN Working Papers 302, Households in Conflict Network.
- Albarosa, Emanuele & Elsner, Benjamin, 2023. "Forced Migration and Social Cohesion: Evidence from the 2015/16 Mass Inflow in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 15850, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Arbatli, Cemal Eren & Gomtsyan, David, 2021. "Sectarian aid, sanctions and subnational development," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
- Cheng, Zhiming, 2021. "Education and consumption: Evidence from migrants in Chinese cities," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 206-215.
- repec:ags:aaea22:335741 is not listed on IDEAS
- Coniglio, Nicola Daniele & Peragine, Vitorocco & Vurchio, Davide, 2023. "The effects of refugees’ camps on hosting areas: Social conflicts and economic growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
- Dreher, Axel & Fuchs, Andreas & Langlotz, Sarah, 2019.
"The effects of foreign aid on refugee flows,"
European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 127-147.
- Dreher, Axel & Fuchs, Andreas & Langlotz, Sarah, 2018. "The Effects of Foreign Aid on Refugee Flows," CEPR Discussion Papers 12741, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Axel Dreher & Andreas Fuchs & Sarah Langlotz, 2018. "The Effects of Foreign Aid on Refugee Flows," CESifo Working Paper Series 6885, CESifo.
- Dreher, Axel & Fuchs, Andreas & Langlotz, Sarah, 2018. "The Effects of Foreign Aid on Refugee Flows," GLO Discussion Paper Series 195, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Fallah, Belal & Krafft, Caroline & Wahba, Jackline, 2019.
"The impact of refugees on employment and wages in Jordan,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 203-216.
- Belal Fallah & Caroline Krafft & Jackline Wahba, 2018. "The Impact of Refugees on Employment and Wages in Jordan," Working Papers 1189, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
- Bahar, Dany & Ibáñez, Ana María & Rozo, Sandra V., 2021.
"Give me your tired and your poor: Impact of a large-scale amnesty program for undocumented refugees,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
- Bahar, Dany & Ibanez, Ana Maria & Rozo, Sandra V., 2020. "Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees," IZA Discussion Papers 13743, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Dany Bahar & Ana María Ibáñez & Sandra V. Rozo, 2020. "Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees," CESifo Working Paper Series 8601, CESifo.
- Tsuda, Shunsuke, 2022. "Refugee inflows, surplus farm labor, and crop marketization in rural Africa," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
- Claire MacPherson & Olivier Sterck, 2019. "Humanitarian vs. Development Aid for Refugees: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design," CSAE Working Paper Series 2019-15, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
- Becker, Sascha O. & Ferrara, Andreas, 2019. "Consequences of forced migration: A survey of recent findings," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-16.
- Ashenafi Belayneh Ayenew, 2020. "Welfare Impact of Hosting Refugees in Ethiopia," HiCN Working Papers 341, Households in Conflict Network.
- Drouvelis, Michalis & Malaeb, Bilal & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Wahba, Jackline, 2021.
"Cooperation in a fragmented society: Experimental evidence on Syrian refugees and natives in Lebanon,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 176-191.
- Drouvelis, Michalis & Malaeb, Bilal & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Wahba, Jackline, 2019. "Cooperation in a Fragmented Society: Experimental Evidence on Syrian Refugees and Natives in Lebanon," IZA Discussion Papers 12858, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Michalis Drouvelis & Bilal Malaeb & Michael Vlassopoulos & Jackline Wahba, 2019. "Cooperation in a Fragmented Society: Experimental Evidence on Syrian Refugees and Natives in Lebanon," CESifo Working Paper Series 8038, CESifo.
- Michalis Drouvelis & Bilal Malaeb & Michael Vlassopoulos & Jackline Wahba, 2020. "Cooperation in a Fragmented Society: Experimental Evidence on Syrian Refugees and Natives in Lebanon," Discussion Papers 20-28, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
- Vintar,Mirko & Beltramo,Theresa Parrish & Delius,Antonia Johanna Sophie & Egger,Dennis Timo & Pape,Utz Johann, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Market Outcomes of Refugees and Nationals in Kenya," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9960, The World Bank.
- Marco d’Errico & Rama Dasi Mariani & Rebecca Pietrelli & Furio Camillo Rosati, 2022.
"Refugee-Host Proximity and Market Creation in Uganda,"
Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(2), pages 213-233, February.
- d’Errico, Marco & Mariani, Rama Dasi & Pietrelli, Rebecca & Rosati, Furio Camillo, 2021. "Refugee-host proximity and market creation in Uganda," ESA Working Papers 309466, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA).
- Rama Dasi Mariani & Furio Camillo Rosati & Pasquale Scaramozzino & Marco d'Errico, 2023.
"Gains from Variety: Refugee-Host Interactions in Uganda,"
CEIS Research Paper
553, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, revised 23 Feb 2023.
- Mariani, Rama Dasi & Rosati, Furio C. & Scaramozzino, Pasquale & D'Errico, Marco, 2023. "Gains from Variety: Refugee-Host Interactions in Uganda," IZA Discussion Papers 16434, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Beaman, Lori & Onder, Harun & Onder, Stefanie, 2022.
"When do refugees return home? Evidence from Syrian displacement in Mashreq,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
- Beaman,Lori A. & Onder,Harun & Onder,Stefanie, 2021. "When do Refugees Return Home? : Evidence from Syrian Displacement in Mashreq," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9688, The World Bank.
- Andreas Eberhard-Ruiz & Alexander Moradi, 2018. "Regional Market Integration and City Growth in East Africa: Local but no Regional Effects?," CSAE Working Paper Series 2018-09, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
- Antonella Bandiera & Lelys Dinarte Diaz & Sandra V. Rozo & Carlos Schmidt-Padilla & María Micaela Sviatschi & Hernan Winkler, 2023.
"The Unintended Consequences of Deportations: Evidence from Firm Behavior in El Salvador,"
Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 71(4), pages 1331-1358.
- Bandiera,Antonella Agostina & Dinarte Diaz,Lelys Ileana & Rozo Villarraga,Sandra Viviana & Schmidt-Padilla,Carlos & Sviatschi,Maria Micaela & Winkler,Hernan Jorge, 2021. "The Unintended Consequences of Deportations : Evidence from Firm Behavior in El Salvador," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9521, The World Bank.
- Munroe, Ellen & Nosach, Anastasiia & Pedrozo, Moises & Guarnieri, Eleonora & Riano, Juan Felipe & Tur-Prats, Ana & Valencia Caicedo, Felipe, 2023.
"The Legacies of War for Ukraine,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
17841, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Munroe, Ellen & Nosach, Anastasiia & Pedrozo, Moisés & Guarnieri, Eleonora & Riaño, Juan Felipe & Tur-Prats, Ana & Valencia Caicedo, Felipe, 2023. "The legacies of war for Ukraine," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 123566, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Ayenew, Ashenafi Belayneh, 2021. "Welfare Impact of Hosting Refugees in Ethiopia," EconStor Preprints 228519, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
- Alam, Ashraful & Dutta, Indranil & Haque, M. Emranul & Nogales, Ricardo, 2022.
"Impact of Rohingya refugees on food prices in Bangladesh: Evidence from a natural experiment,"
World Development, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
- Ashraful Alam & Indranil Dutta & M. Emranul Haque & Ricardo Nogales, 2020. "Impact of Rohingya Refugees on Food Prices in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Economics Discussion Paper Series 2007, Economics, The University of Manchester, revised Apr 2022.
- Kofol, Chiara & Naghsh Nejad, Maryam, 2017. "Child Labor and the Arrival of Refugees: Evidence from Tanzania," IZA Discussion Papers 11242, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Ludolph,Lars & Šedová,Barbora & Talevi,Marta, 2022. "Inequality and Security in the Aftermath of Internal Population Displacement Shocks :Evidence from Nigeria," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10053, The World Bank.
- Elżbieta Ociepa-Kicińska & Małgorzata Gorzałczyńska-Koczkodaj, 2022. "Forms of Aid Provided to Refugees of the 2022 Russia–Ukraine War: The Case of Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-17, June.
- Walelign,Solomon Zena & Wang Sonne,Soazic Elise & Seshan,Ganesh Kumar, 2022. "Livelihood Impacts of Refugees on Host Communities : Evidence from Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10044, The World Bank.
- Craig Loschmann & Özge Bilgili & Melissa Siegel, 2019. "Considering the benefits of hosting refugees: evidence of refugee camps influencing local labour market activity and economic welfare in Rwanda," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 9(1), pages 1-23, December.
- Betts,Alexander Milton Stedman & Stierna,Maria Flinder & Omata,Naohiko & Sterck,Olivier Christian Brigitte, 2022. "Social Cohesion and Refugee-Host Interactions : Evidence from East Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9917, The World Bank.
- M. Christian Lehmann, 2019. "How many refugees should the US admit?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(3), pages 2117-2121.
- Aysun Aygun & Murat Guray Kirdar & Berna Tuncay, 2020.
"The Effect of Hosting 3.4 Million Refugees on the Health System in Turkey and Infant, Child, and Elderly Mortality among Natives,"
Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers
2014, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
- Aygün, Aysun Hızıroğlu & Kirdar, Murat Güray & Tuncay, Berna, 2020. "The Effect of Hosting 3.4 Million Refugees on the Health System in Turkey and Infant, Child, and Elderly Mortality among Natives," IZA Discussion Papers 13627, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Michael Christian Lehmann, 2023. "Macroeconomic volatility and anti‐refugee violence in developing countries: Evidence from commodity price shocks," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 992-1012, May.
- Özler, Berk & Çelik, Çiğdem & Cunningham, Scott & Cuevas, P. Facundo & Parisotto, Luca, 2021.
"Children on the move: Progressive redistribution of humanitarian cash transfers among refugees,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
- Ozler,Berk & Celik,Cigdem & Cunningham,Scott & Cuevas,Pablo Facundo & Parisotto,Luca, 2020. "Children on the Move : Progressive Redistribution of Humanitarian Cash Transfers among Refugees," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9471, The World Bank.
- MacPherson, Claire & Sterck, Olivier, 2021.
"Empowering refugees through cash and agriculture: A regression discontinuity design,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
- Claire MacPherson & Olivier Sterck, 2020. "Empowering Refugees through Cash and Agriculture: A Regression Discontinuity Design," HiCN Working Papers 320, Households in Conflict Network.
- Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre & Bağır, Yusuf Kenan & Cılasun, Seyit Mümin & Kırdar, Murat Güray, 2023.
"Consequences of a massive refugee influx on firm performance and market structure,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
- Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre & Bağır, Yusuf Kenan & Cilasun, Seyit Mümin & Kirdar, Murat Güray, 2020. "Consequences of a Massive Refugee Influx on Firm Performance and Market Structure," IZA Discussion Papers 13953, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Yusuf Emre Akgunduz & Yusuf Kenan Bagir & Seyit Mumin Cilasun & Murat Gunay Kirdar, 2021. "Consequences of a Massive Refugee Influx on Firm Performance and Market Structure," Working Papers 2101, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
- Yusuf Emre Akgunduz & Yusuf Kenan Bagir & Seyit Mumin Cilasun & Murat Guray Kirdar, 2022. "Consequences of a Massive Refugee Influx on Firm Performance and Market Structure," RF Berlin - CReAM Discussion Paper Series 2203, Rockwool Foundation Berlin (RF Berlin) - Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM).
- Mastrorillo, Marina & Scognamillo, Antonio & Ginet, Camille & Pietrelli, Rebecca & d’Errico, Marco & Ignaciuk, Adriana, 2022. "Enhancing refugees’ self-reliance in Uganda – The role of cash and food assistance," ESA Working Papers 324702, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA).
- Uchenna, Efobi & Joseph, Ajefu, 2024. "Exploring the Spillover Effects of Internally Displaced Settlements on the Wellbeing of Children of the Locales," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1381, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Elice, Paola & Martínez Flores, Fernanda & Reichert, Arndt R., 2023. "Religious terrorism, forced migration, and women's empowerment: Evidence from the Boko Haram insurgency," Ruhr Economic Papers 1044, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
- Heng Zhu & Anubhab Gupta & Mateusz Filipski & Jaakko Valli & Ernesto Gonzalez‐Estrada & J. Edward Taylor, 2024.
"Economic impact of giving land to refugees,"
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 106(1), pages 226-251, January.
- Zhu, Heng & Taylor, J. Edward & Gupta, Anubhab, 2018. "Economic Impact of Giving Land to Refugees," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274212, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Palsson, Craig, 2023. "The forces of path dependence: Haiti's refugee camps, 1937–2009," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
- Kadigo, Mark Marvin & Maystadt, Jean-Francois, 2023. "How to cope with a refugee population? Evidence from Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
- Delius, Antonia & Sterck, Olivier, 2024.
"Cash transfers and micro-enterprise performance: Theory and quasi-experimental evidence from Kenya,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
- Olivier Sterck & Antonia Delius, 2020. "Cash Transfers and Micro-Enterprise Performance: Theory and Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Kenya," CSAE Working Paper Series 2020-09, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
- Hennig, Jakob, 2021. "Neighborhood quality and opposition to immigration: Evidence from German refugee shelters," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
- Alix-Garcia, Jennifer & Walker, Sarah & Bartlett, Anne, 2019.
"Assessing the direct and spillover effects of shocks to refugee remittances,"
World Development, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 63-74.
- Alix-Garcia, Jennifer & Walker, Sarah & Bartlett, Anne, 2018. "Assessing the direct and spillover effects of shocks to refugee remittances," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274255, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Aygün, Aysun & Güray Kırdar, Murat & Tuncay, Berna, 2021. "The effect of hosting 3.4 million refugees on native population mortality," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
- repec:wbk:wbrwps:9948 is not listed on IDEAS
- Özge Bilgili & Sonja Fransen & Craig Loschmann & Melissa Siegel, 2018. "Is the education of local children influenced by living nearby a refugee camp?: Evidence from host communities in Rwanda," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-18, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Labanca, Claudio, 2020.
"The effects of a temporary migration shock: Evidence from the Arab Spring migration through Italy,"
Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
- Labanca, Claudio, 2016. "The Effects of a Temporary Migration Shock: Evidence from the Arab Spring Migration through Italy," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt1fz17847, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
- Siu, Jade & Sterck, Olivier & Rodgers, Cory, 2023.
"The freedom to choose: Theory and quasi-experimental evidence on cash transfer restrictions,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
- Jade Siu & Olivier Sterck & Cory Rodgers, 2021. "The Freedom to Choose: Theory and Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Cash Transfer Restrictions," CSAE Working Paper Series 2021-14, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
- Mustafa Özer & Jan Fidrmuc, 2024. "Does Immigration Affect the Natives’ Mental Health? Causal Evidence from Forced Syrian Migration to Turkey," CESifo Working Paper Series 11399, CESifo.
- Rozo, Sandra V. & Sviatschi, Micaela, 2021. "Is a refugee crisis a housing crisis? Only if housing supply is unresponsive," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
- Adesoji Adelaja & Justin George & Louise Fox & Keith Fuglie & Thomas Jayne, 2021. "Shocks, Resilience and Structural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
- Bertinelli,Luisito & Comertpay,Rana & Maystadt,Jean-François, 2022. "Refugees, Diversity and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10052, The World Bank.
- George, Justin & Adelaja, Adesoji, 2022. "Armed conflicts, forced displacement and food security in host communities," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
- Emanuele Albarosa & Benjamin Elsner, 2023. "Forced Migration and Social Cohesion: Evidence from the 2015/16 Mass Inflow in Germany," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1183, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
- Altındağ, Onur & Bakış, Ozan & Rozo, Sandra V., 2020. "Blessing or burden? Impacts of refugees on businesses and the informal economy," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
- Albarosa, E. & Elsner, B., 2023. "Forced Migration and Social Cohesion: Evidence from the 2015/16 Mass Inflow in Germany," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
- Ayenew,Ashenafi Belayneh, 2021. "Welfare Impact of Hosting Refugees in Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9613, The World Bank.
- Salemi, Colette, 2021. "Refugee camps and deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
- Sandra Rozo & Micaela Sviastchi, 2018. "Are Refugees a Burden? Impacts of Refugee Inflows on Hosts Consumption Expenditures," Working Papers 2018-3, Princeton University. Economics Department..
- Betts, Alexander & Flinder Stierna, Maria & Omata, Naohiko & Sterck, Olivier, 2023. "Refugees welcome? Inter-group interaction and host community attitude formation," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
- José Joaquín Endara, 2020. "Refugee influx and economic activity: evidence from Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4341, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
- Bogale,Yeshwas Admasu, 2021. "Forced Displacement, Gender, and Livelihoods : Refugees in Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9862, The World Bank.
- Sreenidhi Konduri & In-Hee Lee, 2023. "Refugee and Migrant Integration in Urban Spatial Structures and City Development: Case Study of Busan, South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-30, December.
- Özge Bilgili & Sonja Fransen & Craig Loschmann & Melissa Siegel, 2018. "Is the education of local children influenced by living nearby a refugee camp? Evidence from host communities in Rwanda," WIDER Working Paper Series 018, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Auer, Daniel & Götz, Lilia, 2021. "Refugee migration, labor demand, and local employment," GLO Discussion Paper Series 989, Global Labor Organization (GLO).