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Die Akademisierung und die Evolution der Lohnstruktur nach Bildungsabschlüssen

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  • Ordemann, Jessica
  • Pfeiffer, Friedhelm

Abstract

Die Akademisierung nach der Jahrtausendwende hat hohe Wellen in Politik und Wirtschaft geschlagen. Schlagworte wie "Akademikerwahn" machten die Runde. Vielfach gab es die Befürchtung, dass die Hochschulen am Bedarf von Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft vorbei ausbilden mit der Folge vermehrter Arbeitslosigkeit unter Akademiker/innen. Davon kann aber bislang nicht die Rede sein. Unternehmen suchen weiter akademisch geschulte Fachkräfte und die Arbeitslosigkeit unter Akademiker/innen ist noch immer mit Abstand am niedrigsten. Jedoch scheint die Zeit der überproportional steigenden Löhne von akademisch qualifizierten Erwerbstätigen vorbei. Der durchschnittliche Lohnabstand zu Erwerbstätigen mit Lehre geht wieder zurück. Bei den erwerbstätigen Akademikerinnen scheint der Abstand bereits wieder auf den Wert Mitte der Neunziger Jahre gesunken zu sein, zu der Zeit also, in der der Lohnabstand zu steigen begann und sich die Akademisierung vor allem der Frauen beschleunigt hat. Die Akademisierung hat nach der Interpretation des Autorenteams einen Anteil an dem fallenden Lohnabstand. Es gibt jedoch auch weitere Ursachen. Während die betriebliche Nachfrage nach Erwerbstätigen mit Lehre in den letzten dreißig Jahren stetig zurückgegangen ist, könnte dieser Trend gestoppt sein. Nicht alle Arbeitsprozesse lassen sich unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten automatisieren. Zudem erreichen die neuesten Entwicklungen bei der künstlichen Intelligenz zunehmend auch akademisch orientierte Tätigkeiten. Der sinkende Lohnabstand zu Erwerbstätigen mit Lehre bedeutet erst einmal einen Dämpfer für eine weitergehende akademische Expansion. Nach dem Ergebnis der Studie wurde in der Summe nicht zu viel in Hochschulbildung investiert. Der mittlere Lohnabstand ist zwar gesunken, ein Studium verspricht aber weiterhin für viele junge Menschen eine ordentliche Bildungsrendite. Und die berufliche Ausbildung wird wieder attraktiver. Aufgabe von Politik und Wirtschaft ist es vor dem Hintergrund dieser Ergebnisse auch weiterhin, jungen Menschen durch ausreichende akademische und berufliche Bildungsinvestitionen einen nachhaltigen Einstieg in ein langes Erwerbsleben mit sich stetig ändernden Tätigkeitsprofilen und auch völlig neuartigen Herausforderungen zu ermöglichen.

Suggested Citation

  • Ordemann, Jessica & Pfeiffer, Friedhelm, 2024. "Die Akademisierung und die Evolution der Lohnstruktur nach Bildungsabschlüssen," ZEW policy briefs 04/2024, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewpbs:289493
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