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Abwärtsmobilität und ihre Folgen: Die Entwicklung von Wohlbefinden und Partizipation nach Verarmung

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  • Böhnke, Petra

Abstract

Die These, dass Armut negativ auf das Wohlbefinden und die Partizipationschancen der Betroffenen wirkt, ist populär und weithin anerkannt. Ursache und Wirkung, Entwicklungsprozesse und erklärende Mechanismen sind aber bislang wenig untersucht worden. Welche Konsequenzen hat Armut für kulturelle, politische und zivilgesellschaftliche Partizipation sowie für subjektives Wohlbefinden in Deutschland zwischen 1984 und 2006? Mit Hilfe von soziologischen und sozialpsychologischen Erklärungsansätzen wird geprüft, ob und in welcher Weise Armut weitere Benachteiligungen nach sich zieht (Kumulation). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Armut zu Einbußen beim Wohlbefinden und zu rückläufiger Partizipation führt, obwohl mehrheitlich eine selektive, schon vorher benachteiligte Gruppe verarmt. Finanzielle Restriktionen werden nicht mit sozialen und kulturellen Aktivitäten kompensiert, und es gibt nur schwache Hinweise auf Anpassungsprozesse. Die Reaktionen unterscheiden sich nach betrachtetem Lebensbereich und vorangegangener Einkommensposition. Für Mittelschicht-Absteiger sind negative Effekte auf das Wohlbefinden ausgeprägter. Politisches Interesse reagiert nicht auf Armutserfahrungen. Vergleichsprozesse und stabile Persönlichkeitseigenschaften spielen als Erklärungen eine wichtige Rolle.

Suggested Citation

  • Böhnke, Petra, 2009. "Abwärtsmobilität und ihre Folgen: Die Entwicklung von Wohlbefinden und Partizipation nach Verarmung," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Inequality and Social Integration SP I 2009-205, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbisi:spi2009205
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