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Die Marktprämie im EEG 2012: Ein sinnvoller Beitrag zur Markt- und Systemintegration erneuerbarer Energien?

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  • Gawel, Erik
  • Purkus, Alexandra

Abstract

Mit der steigenden Bedeutung erneuerbarer Energien im Stromsektor stellt sich zunehmend die Herausforderung ihrer Marktintegration, d. h. die Einbeziehung in den Steuerungs- und Ver-gütungsmechanismus des Strommarktes, sowie ihrer Systemintegration, d. h. die stärkere Einbindung in die Netzstabilisierung. Für eine effiziente und versorgungssichere Transformation des Energie-systems ist es notwendig, die Erzeugung von Strom aus Erneuerbaren verstärkt an kurz- wie langfristigen Marksignalen auszurichten. Das EEG 2012 führte hierzu als zentrales Instrument das Marktprämienmodell ein, um Anlagenbetreiber stärker an den Markt heranzuführen, sowie um Anreize für eine bedarfsgerechtere Stromproduktion zu setzen. Bereits ein halbes Jahr nach der Einführung steht die Marktprämie jedoch in der Kritik, hohe Zusatzkosten ohne entsprechenden Mehrwert zu schaffen. Der vorliegende Artikel wertet erste empirische Erfahrungen aus und untersucht auf dieser Grundlage, inwieweit das Marktprämienmodell in seiner aktuellen Ausgestaltung zur Marktintegration und/oder zur Systemintegration beiträgt, und ob es grundsätzlich geeignet scheint, diese Ziele zu erreichen (Effektivität). Zudem wird diskutiert, welche Effizienzgewinne sich realisieren lassen, und welche Zusatzkosten der Integrationsadministrierung dabei entstehen (Effizienz). Während die Marktintegration i. e. S. (Unterwerfung unter das allgemeine Marktpreis-risiko) gar nicht Ziel des Marktprämienmodells ist, konnte die Teilnahme an der Direktvermarktung signifikant gesteigert werden. Allerdings ergeben sich hohe Zusatzkosten und Mitnahmeeffekte, und der gesamtwirtschaftliche Nutzen einer graduellen Heranführung an den Markt ist zweifelhaft. Eine verbesserte Systemintegration wird über das Instrument zwar angesteuert, doch reichen die gesetzten Anreize für eine signifikante Flexibilisierung der Einspeisung vor allem im Fall fluktuierender Erneuerbarer nicht aus. Eine Fortführung des Modells in seiner jetzigen Ausgestaltung erscheint daher nicht empfehlenswert. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf mögliche Alternativlösungen gegeben.

Suggested Citation

  • Gawel, Erik & Purkus, Alexandra, 2012. "Die Marktprämie im EEG 2012: Ein sinnvoller Beitrag zur Markt- und Systemintegration erneuerbarer Energien?," UFZ Discussion Papers 12/2012, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:122012
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    1. Peter Cramton & Axel Ockenfels, 2012. "Economics and Design of Capacity Markets for the Power Sector," Papers of Peter Cramton 12cocap, University of Maryland, Department of Economics - Peter Cramton, revised 2012.
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    1. Erik Gawel & Alexandra Purkus & Klaas Korte & Paul Lehmann, 2013. "Förderung der Markt- und Systemintegration erneuerbarer Energien: Perspektiven einer instrumentellen Weiterentwicklung," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(3), pages 123-136.
    2. Pahle, Michael & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Gambardella, Christian & Tietjen, Oliver, 2016. "Renewable Energy Support, Negative Prices, and Real-time Pricing," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 37, pages 147-169.
    3. Herbes, Carsten & Ramme, Iris, 2014. "Online marketing of green electricity in Germany—A content analysis of providers’ websites," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 257-266.
    4. Hahn, Henning & Krautkremer, Bernd & Hartmann, Kilian & Wachendorf, Michael, 2014. "Review of concepts for a demand-driven biogas supply for flexible power generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 383-393.

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