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Normentwicklung durch WTO-Gremien am Beispiel von Handel und Gesundheitsschutz: der SPS-Ausschuss

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  • Maier, Matthias Leonhard

Abstract

Das Papier ist einem bisher wenig beachteten Aspekt des globalen Regierens gewidmet, nämlich dem Ausschusssystem der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) und insbesondere jenem Ausschuss, der dem Abkommen über gesundheitspolizeiliche und pflanzenschutzrechtliche Maßnahmen (SPS-Abkommen) zugeordnet ist. Zuerst werden der historische und politische Hintergrund sowie die wichtigsten Bestimmungen des SPS-Abkommens kurz erläutert und es wird erklärt, wie der SPS-Ausschuss seine Arbeit organisiert. Im Hauptteil werden vier konkrete Bestimmungen des Abkommens daraufhin untersucht, wie der Ausschuss ihren Inhalt mit seinen Entscheidungen konkretisiert hat. Dabei geht es um (1) das Monitoring der internationalen Harmonisierung durch standardsetzende Organisationen wie die Codex-Alimentarius-Kommission, (2) die Anerkennung der Gleichwertigkeit lebensmittelrechtlicher Schutzmaßnahmen zwischen WTO-Mitgliedstaaten, (3) die Forderung nach Konsistenz zwischen verschiedenen SPS-Maßnahmen eines Mitgliedes und (4) die Transparenz innerstaatlicher Standards und Regulierungsverfahren. Anschließend werden die Wirkungen dieser Entscheidungen diskutiert, und zwar sowohl in formaler Hinsicht hier erweist sich der Ausschuss als bemerkenswert produktiv als auch hinsichtlich zweier Kernprobleme von regulatorischen Mehrebenensystemen: (1) Was die Wirkung von internationalem Recht auf nationalstaatliche politische Autonomie betrifft, hat der Ausschuss die prekäre Balance von erlaubten Schutzmaßnahmen und untersagtem Protektionismus im wesentlichen beibehalten, auch wenn einige der von ihm beschlossenen prozeduralen Regelungen geeignet sind, die staatliche Autonomie längerfristig weiter einzuschränken. (2) Was die Gewaltenteilung zwischen judiziellen und politisch-administrativen Organen der WTO betrifft, hat der Ausschuss bisher die in ihn gesetzten Hoffnungen auf eine Wiederherstellung des institutionellen Gleichgewichts nicht erfüllt. Die Studie schließt mit einigen Empfehlungen für die weitere Erforschung dieser Fragen.

Suggested Citation

  • Maier, Matthias Leonhard, 2007. "Normentwicklung durch WTO-Gremien am Beispiel von Handel und Gesundheitsschutz: der SPS-Ausschuss," TranState Working Papers 68, University of Bremen, Collaborative Research Center 597: Transformations of the State.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:sfb597:68
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    References listed on IDEAS

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