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Am Tiefpunkt der Transformationskrise: Industrie- und lohnpolitische Weichenstellungen in den jungen Bundesländern

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  • Klodt, Henning
  • Paqué, Karl-Heinz

Abstract

Seit der Vereinigung Deutschlands durchläuft die Wirtschaft der jungen Bundesländer eine Transformationskrise, die ihresgleichen sucht — zumindest was die Schärfe und Tiefe des Produktions- und Beschäftigungseinbruchs betrifft. In keiner der anderen post-sozialistischen Volkswirtschaften Mittel- und Osteuropas hat es eine derart dramatische Deindustrialisierung gegeben, und nirgendwo sonst ist heute die Arbeitslosigkeit — offene und verdeckte zusammengerechnet — so hoch wie in den jungen Ländern der Bundesrepublik. Andererseits ging auch die Modernisierung in Ostdeutschland weit schneller voran als anderswo: Massive, vom Westen finanzierte Infrastrukturinvestitionen haben geholfen, die größten Engpässe zu beseitigen, und die Treuhandanstalt nähert sich bereits dem Ende ihrer Privatisierungsaufgabe, während in anderen Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas zum Teil noch immer über technische Details der Überführung von Staatsbetrieben in private Hände diskutiert wird. Es ist deshalb auch nicht verwunderlich, daß die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft bereits knapp drei Jahre nach der Vereinigung vor wirtschaftspolitischen Fragen steht, die grundlegende Weichenstellungen für die Zukunft betreffen und deshalb in ihrer Bedeutung weit über das Ende der eigentlichen Transformationskrise hinausreichen werden. Zwei Fragen sind von überragender Struktur- und regionalpolitischer Brisanz und beherrschen seit geraumer Zeit in mehr oder weniger präziser Form die öffentliche Diskussion: Soll der Staat die traditionellen industriellen Kerne in Ostdeutschland durch gezielte Förderung vor dem Untergang bewahren? Und sollen die Tarifparteien den Weg der Ost/West- Lohnangleichung trotz der dramatischen Unterbeschäftigung in den jungen Ländern unbeirrt fortsetzen? Beide Fragen sind Gegenstand dieses Beitrags. In Abschnitt II wird nach einem kurzen Resümee der relevanten Fakten sowie einer knappen Strukturierung der gängigen Positionen versucht, den wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstand daraufhin abzuklopfen, ob und inwieweit es aus wachstumspolitischer Sicht Argumente für den Erhalt von Industriekernen gibt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf neueren Ansätzen der Regionalwissenschaften und der Wachstumstheorie. In Abschnitt III folgt ebenfalls nach einer knappen Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Fakten eine systematische Evaluierung der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Argumente für und gegen eine Ost/West-Lohnangleichung, auch mit Blick auf die langfristigen Konsequenzen der Lohnparität für die Struktur der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft sowie die Zukunft des kollektiven Tarifvertragssystems. Abschnitt IV faßt die wichtigsten Thesen und Schlußfolgerungen zusammen.

Suggested Citation

  • Klodt, Henning & Paqué, Karl-Heinz, 1993. "Am Tiefpunkt der Transformationskrise: Industrie- und lohnpolitische Weichenstellungen in den jungen Bundesländern," Kiel Discussion Papers 213, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:213
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Stolpe, Michael, 1995. "Technology and the dynamics of specialization in open economies," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 738, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    2. Klodt, Henning, 1996. "West-Ost-Transfers und Strukturprobleme in den neuen Ländern," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 1677, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    3. Boss, Alfred & Rosenschon, Astrid, 2002. "Subventionen in Deutschland: Quantifizierung und finanzpolitische Bewertung," Kiel Discussion Papers 392/393, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    4. Boss, Alfred & Döpke, Jörg & Fischer, Malte & Krämer, Jörg W. & Langfeldt, Enno & Schatz, Klaus-Werner, 1993. "Bundesrepublik Deutschland: 1994 konjunkturelle Erholung bei finanzpolitischem Konsolidierungskurs," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 1572, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    5. Boss, Alfred, 1998. "How Germany shouldered the fiscal burden of the unification," Kiel Working Papers 851, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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