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American Older Adults in the Time of COVID-19: Vulnerability Types, Aging Attitudes, and Emotional Responses

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  • Fu, Mingqi
  • Guo, Jing
  • Chen, Xi
  • Han, Boxun
  • Ahmed, Farooq
  • Shahid, Muhammad
  • Zhang, Qilin

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to emotional well-being of individuals. With 1582 respondents from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), this study investigates the heterogeneity in older adults’ vulnerability and examines the relationship between vulnerability types, aging attitudes and emotional responses. International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short-form (I-PANAS-SF) and Attitudes toward own aging (ATOT) were used to assess the emotional experiences and aging attitudes, and 14 types of pandemic-related deprivations evaluated individuals' vulnerability. Latent class analysis was used to explore the vulnerability types, and weighted linear regressions examined the relationship between vulnerability, aging attitudes and emotional responses. Results showed that the proportion for individuals with mild vulnerability (MV), health care use vulnerability (HV), and dual vulnerability in health care use and finances (DVs) was 67%, 22%, and 11%, respectively. Older adults aged below 65, Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks, and those not eligible for Medicaid were more likely to have HV or DVS. The relationship between vulnerability and positive emotions was insignificant, yet individuals with HV (beta=0.10, SE=0.16) or DVs (beta=0.09, SE=0.28) were likely to have more negative emotions than their mildly vulnerable counterparts. Furthermore, aging attitudes moderated the relationship between vulnerability and emotions. Encouraging positive aging attitudes might be helpful for older adults to have better emotional well-being, especially for those with DVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Fu, Mingqi & Guo, Jing & Chen, Xi & Han, Boxun & Ahmed, Farooq & Shahid, Muhammad & Zhang, Qilin, 2022. "American Older Adults in the Time of COVID-19: Vulnerability Types, Aging Attitudes, and Emotional Responses," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1054, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:glodps:1054
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kalliopi Sapountzaki, 2012. "Vulnerability management by means of resilience," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 60(3), pages 1267-1285, February.
    2. Liat Ayalon & Alison Chasteen & Manfred Diehl & Becca R Levy & Shevaun D Neupert & Klaus Rothermund & Clemens Tesch-Römer & Hans-Werner Wahl, 2021. "Aging in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Avoiding Ageism and Fostering Intergenerational Solidarity," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 76(2), pages 49-52.
    3. Leen Vandercammen & Joeri Hofmans & Peter Theuns, 2014. "Relating Specific Emotions to Intrinsic Motivation: On the Moderating Role of Positive and Negative Emotion Differentiation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-22, December.
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    1. Brink, Siegrun & Weicht, Rebecca & Levering, Britta & Icks, Annette, 2022. "Unternehmertum während der Corona-Pandemie: Individuelle Resilienz," IfM-Materialien 293, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Vulnerability; Aging attitudes; Emotion; Older adults; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality

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