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The age-structure–inflation puzzle

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  • Juselius, Mikael
  • Takáts, Előd

Abstract

We uncover a puzzling link between low-frequency inflation and the population age-structure: the young and old (dependents) are inflationary whereas the working age population is disinflationary. The relationship is not spurious and holds for different specifications and controls in data from 22 advanced economies from 1955 to 2014. The age-structure effect is economically sizable, accounting eg for about 6.5 percentage points of US disinflation from 1975 to today's low inflation environment. It also accounts for much of inflation persistence, which challenges traditional narratives of trend inflation. The age-structure effect is forecastable and will increase inflationary pressures over the coming decades.

Suggested Citation

  • Juselius, Mikael & Takáts, Előd, 2016. "The age-structure–inflation puzzle," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 4/2016, Bank of Finland.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bofrdp:rdp2016_004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Smith, Ron, 1995. "Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 79-113, July.
    2. Barsky, Robert B., 1987. "The Fisher hypothesis and the forecastability and persistence of inflation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 3-24, January.
    3. McMillan, Henry M. & Baesel, Jerome B., 1990. "The macroeconomic impact of the baby boom generation," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 167-195.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Song, Wei & Yang, Yibai, 2024. "Monetary policy in a Schumpeterian economy with endogenous fertility and human capital accumulation," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    3. Apeti, Ablam Estel & Combes, Jean-Louis & Minea, Alexandru, 2023. "Inflation targeting and the composition of public expenditure: Evidence from developing countries," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

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