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Prioritizing investments in public healthcare to address the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Europe and the South Caucasus

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  • Perone, G.;

Abstract

This study investigated the association between public healthcare-related features, vaccination rates, and COVID-19 mortality rates in 44 European and South Caucasian nations. COVID-19 mortality rates were averaged for the period from 21 November 2021 to 4 December 2021, i.e., at the peak of the COVID-19 fourth wave. The cross-sectional analysis was performed with the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator, the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model, and the spatial error (SEM) model. Then, a cluster analysis was conducted to find homogeneous groupings of nations with increasing risk-factors for COVID-19 mortality. The findings revealed that public health expenditure, health personnel, pharmacists, universal health coverage (UHC), and COVID-19 vaccination rates were all significantly and negatively correlated with COVID-19 mortality rates, whereas out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP), and ordinary and intensive care unit (ICU) bed saturation were positively and significantly correlated with COVID-19 mortality rates. Cluster analysis revealed that Eastern European and South Caucasian countries with more decentralized and mostly private insurance-based healthcare systems had the highest risk-factors for COVID-19 mortality, whereas Nordic European countries with universal healthcare systems had the lowest. Thus, countries with publicly financed comprehensive healthcare systems proved to be more effective at lowering COVID-19 mortality rates while easing the burden on national healthcare. These policy recommendations may be beneficial in the event of future such shocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Perone, G.;, 2024. "Prioritizing investments in public healthcare to address the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Europe and the South Caucasus," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 24/05, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    • Handle: RePEc:yor:hectdg:24/05
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    covid-19 mortality; public healthcare system; spatial analysis; cluster analysis; Europe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis

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