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From Financial Liberalization to Banking Failure: Starting on the Wrong Foot?

Author

Listed:
  • Klaus P. Fischer

    (Laval University)

  • Houcem Smaoui

    (Laval University)

Abstract

In this paper we attempt to identify the characteristics of banks that are most likely to be at the origin of a banking crisis following a financial liberalization (FL) process. We do this analysis in response to the observed fact that FL processes arse often followed by banking crisis that cost taxpayers large amounts of resources in rescue operations. To accomplish this objective we identify a sample of ''failed'' and ''healthy'' banks following a FL and then compare their financial data at the onset of FL. We also attempt to identify to what extent the quality of the loan portfolio and the management and risk- taking practices of banks affect the outcome. The results are surprisingly robust and they mean that it may be possible to identify with an anticipation of at least 4 years the banks that could be responsible for an eventual banking crisis! Further, both quality of loans and management and risk-taking practices play a role. The results suggest that banks that are more conservative and thus those that are less likely to incur in moral hazard, or are more capable of absorbing important macro shocks given their capitalization, are the ones that are more likely to remain solvent. The study is based on a sample of 82 banks from Greece, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand and Taiwan.

Suggested Citation

  • Klaus P. Fischer & Houcem Smaoui, 1997. "From Financial Liberalization to Banking Failure: Starting on the Wrong Foot?," Finance 9706005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpfi:9706005
    Note: Type of Document - Tex/; prepared on IBM PC - ; to print on HP/PostScript/; pages: 22 ; figures: included/. Comments are wellcome.
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Klaus P. Fischer & Jean-Pierre Gueyie & Edgar Ortiz, 1997. "Financial Liberalization: Commercial Bank's Blessing or Curse?," Finance 9705003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Carmen M. Reinhart & Graciela L. Kaminsky, 1999. "The Twin Crises: The Causes of Banking and Balance-of-Payments Problems," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 473-500, June.
    3. Park, Sangkyun, 1991. "Bank failure contagion in historical perspective," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 271-286, October.
    4. O'Hara, Maureen & Shaw, Wayne, 1990. "Deposit Insurance and Wealth Effects: The Value of Being "Too Big to Fail."," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(5), pages 1587-1600, December.
    5. Martin, Daniel, 1977. "Early warning of bank failure : A logit regression approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 1(3), pages 249-276, November.
    6. Sangkyun Park, 1991. "Bank failure contagion in historical perspective," Research Paper 9103, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    7. Aharony, Joseph & Swary, Itzhak, 1996. "Additional evidence on the information-based contagion effects of bank failures," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 57-69, January.
    8. Keeley, Michael C, 1990. "Deposit Insurance, Risk, and Market Power in Banking," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(5), pages 1183-1200, December.
    9. Delano S. Villanueva, 2008. "Strategies for Financial Reforms," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Macroeconomic Policies For Stable Growth, chapter 1, pages 1-29, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    10. Coleen C. Pantalone & Marjorie B. Platt, 1987. "Predicting commercial bank failure since deregulation," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jul, pages 37-47.
    11. Altman, Edward I. & Haldeman, Robert G. & Narayanan, P., 1977. "ZETATM analysis A new model to identify bankruptcy risk of corporations," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 29-54, June.
    12. Hasan, Iftekhar & Dwyer, Gerald P, Jr, 1994. "Bank Runs in the Free Banking Period," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 26(2), pages 271-288, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Konstantinos Loizos, 2018. "The Financial Repression†Liberalization Debate: Taking Stock, Looking For A Synthesis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 440-468, April.
    2. Ramzi FARHANI & Ghrissi MHAMDI & Abdelkader AGUIR & Mounir SMIDA, 2015. "Effect of Financial Liberalization on the Probability of Occurrence of Banking Crises," Expert Journal of Economics, Sprint Investify, vol. 3(1), pages 14-21.
    3. Kraft, Evan & Galac, Tomislav, 2007. "Deposit interest rates, asset risk and bank failure in Croatia," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 2(4), pages 312-336, March.
    4. Tarcisio Pedro Da Silva & Mauricio Leite & Jaqueline Carla Guse & Vanderlei Gollo, 2017. "Financial and economic performance of major Braziliancredit cooperatives," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 62(5), pages 5-6, Diciembre.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial liberalization; Deregulation; Commercial banking; Systemic risk; Banking crises; Bank failure;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • N24 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Europe: 1913-

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