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Global Economic Prospects: Medium Term Projections and Structural Change

Author

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  • P. Bagnoli
  • W. J. McKibbin
  • P. J. Wilcoxen

Abstract

This paper explores prospects for the world economy to the year 2020 through a series of scenarios based on different assumptions about future changes in the structure of individual economies. It differs from most other medium term studies because we do not assume that each economy's variables (such as output, energy use, resource depletion or pollution) all grow in proportion to GDP. In fact, we argue that simple extrapolations derived by projecting GDP and assuming all variables grow in proportion would do a particularly poor job of explaining the historical record (and there is no reason to expect this approach to do better in the future). In our work we instead start with projections of future population growth and industry-level technical change based on a wide range of empirical studies. We use these projections in an empirically-based multi- sector general equilibrium model of the world economy to calculate GDP and other variables endogenously. We then explore the sensitivity of the aggregate outco mes across economies to the assumptions about sectoral productivity growth. In particular, we use as a metric the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel use in the global economy. Under each set of assumptions we calculate the size of a carbon tax sufficient to stabilize emissions in 2010 at 1990 levels. We show that this tax varies significantly depending on the assumptions made about productivity growth at the sectoral level.

Suggested Citation

  • P. Bagnoli & W. J. McKibbin & P. J. Wilcoxen, "undated". "Global Economic Prospects: Medium Term Projections and Structural Change," Discussion Papers 121, Brookings Institution International Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:wop:briedp:121
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D. W. Barns & J. A. Edmonds & J. M. Reilly, 1992. "Use of the Edmonds-Reilly Model to Model Energy-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 113, OECD Publishing.
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    Cited by:

    1. Noy, Ilan & Vu, Tam B., 2007. "Capital account liberalization and foreign direct investment," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 175-194, August.
    2. McKibbin, Warwick J. & Wilcoxen, Peter J., 2004. "Estimates of the costs of Kyoto: Marrakesh versus the McKibbin-Wilcoxen blueprint," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 467-479, March.
    3. Warwick McKibbin & David Pearce & Alison Stegman, 2004. "Long Run Projections For Climate Change Scenarios," CAMA Working Papers 2004-01, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    4. Tam Bang Vu, 2008. "Foreign direct investment and endogenous growth in Vietnam," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(9), pages 1165-1173.
    5. McKibbin, Warwick J., 1998. "Greenhouse abatement policy: insights from the G-cubed multi-country model," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 42(1), pages 1-15.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F01 - International Economics - - General - - - Global Outlook
    • F02 - International Economics - - General - - - International Economic Order and Integration
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O41 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

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