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Potential Mobility from Africa, Middle East and EU Neighbouring Countries to Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Richard Grieveson

    (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw)

  • Michael Landesmann

    (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw)

  • Isilda Mara

    (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw)

Abstract

Migration from Africa and the Middle East to the EU has intensified over the last two decades. Relative differences between developed EU and less developed African and Middle East countries have not declined that much and continue to drive mobility. Also, demographic trends show a strong contrast between the population of the EU (ageing and shrinking rapidly) and that of Africa and the Middle East (young and continuously increasing). Apart from demographic pressures and development gaps, other forces related to conflicts and wars, as well as climate risks, have become important drivers of mobility and are not expected to fade away soon. Anticipating migration flows in order to ensure better management and regulated mobility has become essential, although this is an exercise subject to high uncertainty. With these caveats in mind, this study seeks to calculate long-term potential mobility from Africa, the Middle East and Eastern EU neighbouring countries to EU28 and EFTA by applying a migration gravity model following a scenario-based approach. Projections for 2020-2029 suggest that migration flows to the EU from Africa, in particular, will dominate the South-North mobility corridor. Migration policies will also play a role in shaping future migration trends, as migration flows are subject to EU destination countries’ applying restrictive migration policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Grieveson & Michael Landesmann & Isilda Mara, 2021. "Potential Mobility from Africa, Middle East and EU Neighbouring Countries to Europe," wiiw Working Papers 199, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    • Handle: RePEc:wii:wpaper:199
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Nathalie Bougnoux & Quentin Wodon & Andrea Liverani & George Joseph, 2014. "Climate Change and Migration : Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 18929.
    3. Helmut Hofer & Michael Landesmann & Isilda Mara & Philip Schuster & Gerlinde Titelbach & Hermine Vidovic, 2013. "Auswirkungen der Arbeitsmarktöffnung am 1. Jänner 2014 auf den Wirtschafts- und Arbeitsstandort Österreich," wiiw Research Reports in German language 2013-10, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    International Migration; forecasting; scenario; gravity model; EU; Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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