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EU-Grenzausgleich. Ambitionierte Klimaziele und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in Einklang bringen?

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  • Elisabeth Christen

Abstract

In Ergänzung zum reformierten EU-Emissionshandelssystem stellt der EU-Grenzausgleich einen zentralen Baustein dar, um internationale Unterschiede in den Klimaambitionen und in der Bepreisung von CO2-Emissionen auszugleichen und eine klimaneutrale EU bis 2050 zu erreichen. Mit dem Instrument setzt sich die EU zum Ziel, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit europäischer Produzenten trotz verschärfter EU-Klimaziele und steigender CO2-Kosten zu sichern und das Risiko von Carbon Leakage, die Verlagerung von Emissionen in Länder mit weniger strengen Emissionsvorschriften, zu vermindern. Die Modellsimulationen der Studie "Trade and Welfare Effects of New Trade Policy Instruments" zeigen, dass ein klimapolitischer Alleingang der EU nur ein sehr begrenztes Potenzial zur Verringerung der globalen Emissionen aufweist und moderate Wohlstandseinbußen mit sich bringt. Im Gegensatz dazu erzielt eine klimapolitische Kooperation die größten globalen Emissionsminderungen und schafft durch Vermeidung von Klimafolgekosten Wohlfahrtsgewinne. Ein gemeinsamer Klimaklub der EU mit den USA, dem Vereinigten Königreich, Kanada und Japan senkt die globalen Emissionen um 14,8%, dies entspricht einer jährlichen Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen um 5,46 Mrd. t.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabeth Christen, 2024. "EU-Grenzausgleich. Ambitionierte Klimaziele und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in Einklang bringen?," WIFO Research Briefs 2, WIFO.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:rbrief:y:2024:i:2
    Note: With English abstract.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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