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Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture beyond 2030: Options for Carbon Pricing and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms

Author

Listed:
  • Alisa Spiegel
  • Claudia Heidecke
  • Julio G. Fournier Gabela
  • Davit Stepanyan
  • Mareike Söder
  • Florian Freund
  • Alexander Gocht
  • Martin Banse
  • Bernhard Osterburg

Abstract

In the EU's climate policy, agriculture is covered as an Effort‐Sharing (ESR) sector, i.e. a sector beyond the Emission Trading System and LULUCF. Despite ambitious climate targets for the ESR sectors and an emerging focus on the need for agriculture to make a substantial contribution to climate change mitigation, agriculture has contributed much less to achieving climate targets than other ESR sectors in most EU Member States. A more radical mitigation instrument is required since the potential to increase climate efficiency in EU agriculture is limited. Carbon pricing is considered an effective instrument and is widely adopted in other sectors worldwide. Options on how to reduce related carbon leakage are discussed. Our recommendations for efficient climate change mitigation policy in agriculture are threefold. First, the agricultural sector needs more precise guidance and clear climate targets. Second, although preventing all conflicts between climate change mitigation actions and other policy goals is impossible and inefficient, a policy could minimise adverse effects. Third, since agricultural GHG emissions can only be minimised and compensated by negative emissions in other sectors, well‐defined intersectoral coordination is required. Dans la politique climatique de l'Union européenne, l'agriculture est considérée comme un secteur de partage de l'effort, c'est‐à‐dire un secteur au‐delà du système d’échange de quotas d’émission et de l'UTCATF. Malgré des objectifs climatiques ambitieux pour les secteurs de partage de l'effort et une attention croissante portée à la nécessité pour l'agriculture d'apporter une contribution substantielle à l'atténuation du changement climatique, l'agriculture a beaucoup moins contribué à la réalisation des objectifs climatiques que les autres secteurs de partage de l'effort dans la plupart des États membres de l'Union européenne. Un instrument d'atténuation plus radical est nécessaire car le potentiel d'augmentation de l'efficacité climatique dans l'agriculture européenne est limité. La tarification du carbone est considérée comme un instrument efficace et est largement adoptée dans d'autres secteurs à travers le monde. Nous examinons les options sur la manière de réduire les fuites de carbone associées. Nos recommandations pour une politique efficace d'atténuation du changement climatique dans l'agriculture sont triples. Premièrement, le secteur agricole a besoin d'orientations plus précises et d'objectifs climatiques clairs. Deuxièmement, bien qu'il soit impossible et inefficace de prévenir tous les conflits entre les mesures d'atténuation du changement climatique et d'autres objectifs publics, une politique pourrait minimiser les effets négatifs. Troisièmement, puisque les émissions de gaz à effet de serre agricoles ne peuvent être minimisées et compensées que par des émissions négatives dans d'autres secteurs, une coordination intersectorielle bien définie est nécessaire. In der EU‐Klimapolitik wird die Landwirtschaft als ein Sektor der Lastenteilungsverordnung (ESR) verstanden, d. h. als ein Sektor außerhalb des Emissionshandelssystems und der LULUCF (Landnutzung, Landnutzungsänderung und Forstwirtschaft ‐ Land Use, Land‐Use Change and Forestry). Trotz ehrgeiziger Klimaziele für die ESR‐Sektoren und der zunehmenden Erkenntnis, dass die Landwirtschaft einen substanziellen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten muss, hat die Landwirtschaft in den meisten EU‐Mitgliedstaaten viel weniger zur Erreichung der Klimaziele beigetragen als andere ESR‐Sektoren. Neue Klimaschutzmaßnahmen sind erforderlich, da das Potenzial zur Steigerung der Klimaeffizienz in der EU‐Landwirtschaft begrenzt ist. Die Carbon‐Bepreisung gilt als wirksames Mittel und wird weltweit und weitreichend in anderen Sektoren eingesetzt. Wir diskutieren Optionen, wie die damit verbundene Verlagerung von Carbon‐Emissionen verringert werden kann. Wir haben drei Empfehlungen für eine effiziente Klimaschutzpolitik in der Landwirtschaft: Erstens braucht der Agrarsektor präzise Vorgaben und klare Klimaziele. Zweitens ist es zwar unmöglich und ineffizient, alle Zielkonflikte zwischen Klimaschutzmaßnahmen und anderen Politiken zu vermeiden, aber die negativen Auswirkungen könnten minimiert werden. Drittens: Da Treibhausgasemissionen der Landwirtschaft nur durch negative Emissionen in anderen Sektoren minimiert und kompensiert werden können, ist eine klar definierte sektorübergreifende Abstimmung erforderlich.

Suggested Citation

  • Alisa Spiegel & Claudia Heidecke & Julio G. Fournier Gabela & Davit Stepanyan & Mareike Söder & Florian Freund & Alexander Gocht & Martin Banse & Bernhard Osterburg, 2024. "Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture beyond 2030: Options for Carbon Pricing and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 23(1), pages 19-27, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:23:y:2024:i:1:p:19-27
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12425
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krijn Poppe & Lianne van Duinen & Tanja de Koeijer, 2021. "Reduction of Greenhouse Gases from Peat Soils in Dutch Agriculture," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(2), pages 38-45, August.
    2. Godefroy Grosjean & Sabine Fuss & Nicolas Koch & Benjamin L. Bodirsky & Stéphane De Cara & William Acworth, 2018. "Options to overcome the barriers to pricing European agricultural emissions," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 151-169, February.
    3. Christoph Böhringer & Carolyn Fischer & Knut Einar Rosendahl & Thomas Fox Rutherford, 2022. "Author Correction: Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 12(4), pages 408-408, April.
    4. Lewis C. King & Jeroen C. J. M. Bergh, 2021. "Potential carbon leakage under the Paris Agreement," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 165(3), pages 1-19, April.
    5. Christoph Böhringer & Carolyn Fischer & Knut Einar Rosendahl & Thomas Fox Rutherford, 2022. "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 22-29, January.
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