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Inequalities in Job Loss and Income Loss in Sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 Crisis

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  • Contreras Gonzalez,Ivette Maria
  • Siwatu,Gbemisola Oseni
  • Palacios-Lopez,Amparo
  • Pieters,Janneke
  • Weber,Michael

Abstract

This paper uses high-frequency phone survey data from Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda toanalyze the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on work (including wage employment, self-employment, and farm work)and income, as well as heterogeneity by gender, family composition, education, age, pre-COVID19 industry of work,and between the rural and urban sectors. The paper links phone survey data collected throughout the pandemic topre-COVID-19 face-to-face survey data to track the employment of respondents who were working before thepandemic and analyze individual-level indicators of job loss and re-employment. Finally, it analyzes both immediateimpacts, during the first few months of the pandemic, as well as longer run impacts through February/March 2021. Thefindings show that in the early phase of the pandemic, women, young, and urban workers were significantly morelikely to lose their jobs. A year after the onset of the pandemic, these inequalities disappeared and educationbecame the main predictor of joblessness. The analysis finds significant rural/urban, age, and education gradients inhousehold-level income loss. Households with income fromnonfarm enterprises were the most likely to report income loss, in the short run as well as the longer run.

Suggested Citation

  • Contreras Gonzalez,Ivette Maria & Siwatu,Gbemisola Oseni & Palacios-Lopez,Amparo & Pieters,Janneke & Weber,Michael, 2022. "Inequalities in Job Loss and Income Loss in Sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 Crisis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10143, The World Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:10143
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sang Yoon (Tim) Lee & Minsung Park & Yongseok Shin, 2021. "Hit Harder, Recover Slower? Unequal Employment Effects of the COVID-19 Shock," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 103(4), pages 367-383, October.
    2. Lídia Farré & Yarine Fawaz & Libertad González & Jennifer Graves, 2022. "Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work During Covid‐19 Times," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 68(2), pages 323-347, June.
    3. Kugler, Maurice & Viollaz, Mariana & Duque, Daniel & Gaddis, Isis & Newhouse, David & Palacios-Lopez, Amparo & Weber, Michael, 2023. "How did the COVID-19 crisis affect different types of workers in the developing world?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    4. Anna Josephson & Talip Kilic & Jeffrey D. Michler, 2021. "Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in low-income countries," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(5), pages 557-565, May.
    5. Alfonsi, Livia & Namubiru, Mary & Spaziani, Sara, 2022. "Gender Gaps: Back and Here to Stay? Evidence from Skilled Ugandan Workers during COVID-19," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt44s4b2dk, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
    6. Alexander W. Bartik & Marianne Bertrand & Feng Lin & Jesse Rothstein & Matthew Unrath, 2020. "Measuring the Labor Market at the Onset of the COVID-19 Crisis," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(2 (Summer), pages 239-268;316.
    7. Lidia Farré & Yarine Fawaz & Libertad González Luna & Jennifer Graves, 2020. "How the covid-19 lockdown affected gender Inequality in paid and unpaid work in Spain," Economics Working Papers 1728, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    8. John C. Anyanwu & Adeleke O. Salami, 2021. "The impact of COVID‐19 on African economies: An introduction," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(S1), pages 1-16, April.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being

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