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Investment and Usage of New Technologies : Evidence from a Shared ATM Network

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  • Ferrari, S.
  • Verboven, F.L.
  • Degryse, H.A.

    (Tilburg University, TILEC)

Abstract

When new technologies become available, it is not only essential that .rms have the correct investment incentives, but often also that consumers make the proper usage decisions. This paper studies investment and usage in a shared ATM network. Because all banks coordinate their ATM investment decisions, there is no strategic but only a pure cost-saving incentive to invest. At the same time, because retail fees for cash withdrawals are regulated to zero at both branches and ATMs, consumers may not have the proper incentives to substitute their transactions from branches to the available ATMs. We develop an empirical model of coordinated investment and cash withdrawal demand, where banks choose the number of ATMs and consumers decide whether to withdraw cash at ATMs or branches. We .nd that banks substantially underinvested in the shared ATM network and thus provided too little geographic coverage. This contrasts with earlier .ndings of strategic overinvestment in networks with partial incompatibility. Furthermore, we .nd that consumer usage of the available ATM network is too low because of the zero retail fees for cash withdrawals at branches. A direct promotion of investment (through subsidies or other means) can improve welfare, but the introduction of retail fees on cash withdrawals at branches would be more e¤ective, even if this does not encourage investment per se.
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Suggested Citation

  • Ferrari, S. & Verboven, F.L. & Degryse, H.A., 2007. "Investment and Usage of New Technologies : Evidence from a Shared ATM Network," Discussion Paper 2007-035, Tilburg University, Tilburg Law and Economic Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:tiu:tiutil:dd16c86d-20f3-4a74-b48b-9df7707778da
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    3. Santiago Carbo-Valverde & Héctor Pérez Saiz & Hongyu Xiao, 2023. "Geographical and Cultural Proximity in Retail Banking," Staff Working Papers 23-2, Bank of Canada.
    4. Laura Nurski & Frank Verboven, 2016. "Exclusive Dealing as a Barrier to Entry? Evidence from Automobiles," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 83(3), pages 1156-1188.
    5. Heng Chen & Daneal O’Habib & Hongyu Xiao, 2023. "How Far Do Canadians Need to Travel to Access Cash?," Discussion Papers 2023-28, Bank of Canada.
    6. Patrick Sun, 2014. "Quality Competition in Mobile Telecommunications: Evidence from Connecticut," Working Papers 14-05, NET Institute.
    7. Stijn Ferrari, 2010. "Discriminatory fees, coordination and investment in shared ATM networks," Working Paper Research 184, National Bank of Belgium.
    8. Botao Yang & Andrew T. Ching, 2014. "Dynamics of Consumer Adoption of Financial Innovation: The Case of ATM Cards," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(4), pages 903-922, April.
    9. Nan Yang, 2018. "An Empirically Tractable Dynamic Oligopoly Model: Application to Store Entry and Exit in Dutch Grocery Retail," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 37(6), pages 1029-1049, November.
    10. Hasan, Iftekhar & Martikainen, Emmi & Takalo, Tuomas, 2014. "Promoting efficient retail payments in Europe," Research Discussion Papers 20/2014, Bank of Finland.
    11. Fumiko Hayashi & Bin Grace Li & Zhu Wang, 2017. "Innovation, Deregulation, and the Life Cycle of a Financial Service Industry," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 26, pages 180-203, October.
    12. Pavan, Giulia, 2017. "Green Car Adoption and the Supply of Alternative Fuels," TSE Working Papers 17-875, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    13. Guerino Ardizzi & Massimiliano Cologgi, 2022. "Business models and pricing strategies in the market for ATM withdrawals," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 23, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    14. Markkula, Tuomas & Takalo, Tuomas, 2021. "Competition and regulation in the Finnish ATM industry," BoF Economics Review 8/2021, Bank of Finland.
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    16. Francisco J. Callado-Muñoz & Jana Hromcová & Natalia Utrero-González, 2012. "Transformation of payment systems: the case of European Union enlargement," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(18), pages 1787-1791, December.
    17. Francisco J. Callado-Muñoz & Jana Hromcová & Natalia Utrero-González, 2014. "Effects of Institutional Environment and Technology Development on Payment Choice," Working Papers wpdea1403, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona.
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    21. Magnac, Thierry, 2017. "ATM foreign fees and cash withdrawals," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 117-129.

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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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