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The complementarity of community-based water and sanitation interventions: evidence from Mozambique

Author

Listed:
  • Melinda Vigh

    (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

  • Chris Elbers

    (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

  • Jan Willem Gunning

    (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

Abstract

We use data on a large-scale water and sanitation program in rural Mozambique, implemented between 2008 and 2013, to investigate the complementarities between a behavior-change-based community-led total sanitation intervention and a community water supply intervention. Our findings indicate that the sanitation intervention increased the adoption of handwashing with soap or ash by 11 percentage points, latrine ownership and use by 8 percentage points, and the use of improved water points by 15 percentage points (conditional on access). Combining the water supply and sanitation interventions increased the treatment effects on all three outcomes. However, we find that the effect on toilet ownership was in large part driven by the selective intervention allocation of the implementing NGOs. These effects are measured up to 4 years after the intervention.

Suggested Citation

  • Melinda Vigh & Chris Elbers & Jan Willem Gunning, 2019. "The complementarity of community-based water and sanitation interventions: evidence from Mozambique," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 20-017/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20200017
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., 2019. "Correlated random effects models with unbalanced panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 211(1), pages 137-150.
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    3. Chris Elbers & Jan Willem Gunning, 2014. "Evaluation of Development Programs: Randomized Controlled Trials or Regressions?," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 28(3), pages 432-445.
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    5. Hugh Waddington & Birte Snilstveit, 2009. "Effectiveness and sustainability of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in combating diarrhoea," Journal of Development Effectiveness, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(3), pages 295-335.
    6. Cameron, Lisa & Olivia, Susan & Shah, Manisha, 2019. "Scaling up sanitation: Evidence from an RCT in Indonesia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 1-16.
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    8. Melinda Vigh & Chris Elbers, 2017. "Picking Winners: Measuring the Effectiveness of Selectively Placed Policy Interventions," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 17-110/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    9. Paul Gertler & Manisha Shah & Maria Laura Alzua & Lisa Cameron & Sebastian Martinez & Sumeet Patil, 2015. "How Does Health Promotion Work? Evidence From The Dirty Business of Eliminating Open Defecation," NBER Working Papers 20997, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    impact evaluation; sanitation; WASH; CLTS; correlated random effects;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D04 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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