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Économies d'agglomération : estimations de panel de microdonnées du secteur canadien de la fabrication

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  • Baldwin, John R. Brown, W. Mark Rigby, David

Abstract

La productivité et les salaires ont tendance à être plus élevés dans les villes. L'explication courante de ce phénomène repose sur les économies d'agglomération, qui font augmenter le rendement associé au fait d'occuper un emplacement urbain. Les arguments parallèles axés sur la spécialisation et sur la diversité viennent étayer cette explication proposée. Depuis longtemps, la recherche empirique s'efforce de confirmer l'existence de telles économies d'agglomération et de trancher entre, d'une part, les modèles de Marshall, Arrow et Romer (MAR), qui avancent que les avantages de la proximité sont en grande partie confinés à des industries particulières, et d'autre part l'argument de Jacobs (1969) voulant que de tels avantages découlent de l'accroissement général de la densité de l'activité économique dans un emplacement donné et profitent à l'ensemble des occupants de cet emplacement. L'objet premier de la présente étude est de déterminer les principales sources de la hausse du rendement en région urbaine, dans la foulée des travaux de Marshall (1920). L'examen de la distance sur laquelle se manifestent les externalités entre entreprises appartenant à une même industrie constitue un deuxième objectif. Afin d'étudier ces questions, nous utilisons des données au niveau des établissements, structurées sous forme de panel pour les années 1989 et 1999. Les données de panel permettent d'éliminer le biais d'échantillonnage découlant de l'hétérogénéité non observée au niveau des établissements, cette hétérogénéité étant constante au fil du temps. Les

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  • Baldwin, John R. Brown, W. Mark Rigby, David, 2008. "Économies d'agglomération : estimations de panel de microdonnées du secteur canadien de la fabrication," Série de documents de recherche sur l'analyse économique (AE) 2008049f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp5f:2008049f
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