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Économies urbaines et productivité

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  • Baldwin, John R. Beckstead, Desmond Brown, W. Mark Rigby, David

Abstract

La variation spatiale des niveaux de productivité et des taux de croissance de la productivité est considérable. Les écarts les plus prononcés sont peut être ceux observés entre pays, mais des différences demeurent fort évidentes dans les espaces nationaux, car la croissance économique favorise certaines villes et régions plus que d'autres. Dans le présent document, nous dressons la carte de la variation spatiale des niveaux de productivité d'une ville canadienne à l'autre et nous modélisons les déterminants sous jacents de cette variation. Nous poursuivons deux grands objectifs. En premier lieu, nous cherchons à confirmer l'existence, la nature et la taille des économies d'agglomération, c'est à dire les gains d'efficacité associés au regroupement spatial de l'activité économique. Nous nous concentrons sur les effets des réseaux acheteurs-fournisseurs, des réservoirs de main d'oeuvre et des externalités de connaissances. En deuxième lieu, nous déterminons la portée géographique des externalités de connaissances en utilisant l'information sur l'emplacement des établissements manufacturiers individuels. L'analyse porte sur les données au niveau de l'établissement produites par la Division de l'analyse microéconomique de Statistique Canada. Si l'on neutralise l'effet d'une série de caractéristiques des établissements et des entreprises, l'analyse révèle que la productivité des établissements est influencée positivement par chacun des trois mécanismes d'agglomération énoncés par Marshall (1920). Elle indique aussi que l'effet des externalités de connaissances sur la productivité est spatialement circonscrit, puisqu'il se propa

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  • Baldwin, John R. Beckstead, Desmond Brown, W. Mark Rigby, David, 2007. "Économies urbaines et productivité," Série de documents de recherche sur l'analyse économique (AE) 2007045f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
  • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp5f:2007045f
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    1. Baldwin, John R. Brown, W. Mark Rigby, David, 2008. "Économies d'agglomération : estimations de panel de microdonnées du secteur canadien de la fabrication," Série de documents de recherche sur l'analyse économique (AE) 2008049f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.

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