IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/sec/cnstan/0398.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Social security driven Tax wedge and its effects on Employment and Shadow Employment

Author

Listed:
  • Marek Gora
  • Oleksandr Rohozynsky
  • Irina Sinitsina
  • Mateusz Walewski

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to analyse possible directions and magnitudes of the relationship between the social security driven tax wedge, employment and shadow employment in Russia and Ukraine. Previous results suggest a limited positive relationship between the size of the tax wedge and shadow employment and in recent years both analysed countries undertook serious steps in order to reform and to simplify their payroll tax system and consequently to reduce shadow employment. Our result suggest that the unskilled persons engaged in unregistered jobs in Ukraine and Russia are not "rewarded" with higher net earnings. It seems that, in their case, shadow employment is the way to escape unemployment and resulting poverty, rather than to evade taxes. Hence, it seems that, in this case, broadening of general employment opportunities for this group would result in a decrease in shadow employment. We also found that the effect of the SSN benefits on shadow employment was rather low in both countries. One of the explanations is the fact that SSN benefits remain largely universal, and are not sufficiently tied to former employment history and social security contribution paid.

Suggested Citation

  • Marek Gora & Oleksandr Rohozynsky & Irina Sinitsina & Mateusz Walewski, 2009. "Social security driven Tax wedge and its effects on Employment and Shadow Employment," CASE Network Studies and Analyses 0398, CASE-Center for Social and Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:sec:cnstan:0398
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://case-research.eu/upload/publikacja_plik/28063364_CNSA_398_final_Feb2.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:ces:ifodic:v:1:y:2003:i:1:p:14567827 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Robert Ackland & Jane Falkingham, 1997. "A Profile of Poverty in Kyrgyzstan," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Jane Falkingham & Jeni Klugman & Sheila Marnie & John Micklewright (ed.), Household Welfare in Central Asia, chapter 5, pages 81-99, Palgrave Macmillan.
    3. Friedrich Schneider, 2003. "The Development of the Shadow Economies and Shadow Labour Force of 21 OECD and 22 Transition Countries," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 1(1), pages 17-23, 02.
    4. Friedrich Schneider, 2003. "The Development of the Shadow Economies and Shadow Labour Force of 21 OECD and 22 Transition Countries," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 1(01), pages 17-23, February.
    5. Alcock,Pete & Beatty,Christina & Fothergill,Stephen & MacMillan,Rob & Yeandle,Sue, 2003. "Work to Welfare," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521002868, October.
    6. Alcock,Pete & Beatty,Christina & Fothergill,Stephen & MacMillan,Rob & Yeandle,Sue, 2003. "Work to Welfare," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521802499.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mcknight, Abigail, 2015. "The Coalition's record on employment: policy, spending and outcomes 2010-2015," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103984, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Linda McDowell & Diane Perrons & Colette Fagan & Kath Ray & Kevin Ward, 2005. "The Contradictions and Intersections of Class and Gender in a Global City: Placing Working Women's Lives on the Research Agenda," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 37(3), pages 441-461, March.
    3. Albu, Lucian Liviu & Iorgulescu, Raluca & Stanica, Cristian, 2010. "Estimating Hidden Economy and Hidden Migration: The Case of Romania," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(2), pages 46-56, July.
    4. Anna Kireenko & Yuriy Ivanov & Ekaterina Nevzorova & Olga Polyakova, 2017. "Shadow Economy in the Regions of the Russian Federation and the Ukraine," Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, in: David Procházka (ed.), New Trends in Finance and Accounting, chapter 0, pages 301-312, Springer.
    5. Edward Christie & Uwe Dulleck & Neil Foster-McGregor & Mario Holzner & Pawel Kowalewski & Robert Stehrer & Julia Wörz, 2003. "Monthly Report 08-09/2003," wiiw Monthly Reports 2003-08-09, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    6. Dario Cziraky & Max Gillman, 2004. "Inflation and Endogenous Growth in Underground Economies," wiiw Balkan Observatory Working Papers 50, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    7. Abigail McKnight, 2015. "The Coalition's Record on Employment: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 2010-2015," CASE - Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper 15, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    8. Petrik Runst, 2011. "Post-Socialist Culture and Entrepreneurship," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 373, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    9. Kamila Fialová & Ondrej Schneider, 2014. "Labor Market Institutions and Their Impact on Shadow Economies in Europe," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, vol. 5(1).
    10. Grzegorz Gołębiowski, 2007. "The Shadow Economy – the Polish Perspective," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 1(1), March.
    11. repec:aia:aiaswp:wp50 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Roberto Dell'Anno & Ferda Halicioglu, 2010. "An ARDL model of unrecorded and recorded economies in Turkey," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 37(6), pages 627-646, November.
    13. Bojan Nastav & Stefan Bojnec, 2007. "Shadow Economy in Slovenia: The Labour Approach," Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 5(2), pages 193-208.
    14. Jarko Fidrmuc & Svatopluk Kapounek & Martin Siddiqui, 2017. "Which Institutions Are Important for Firms Performance? Evidence from Bayesian Model Averaging Analysis," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 64(4), pages 383-400, September.
    15. Nedra Baklouti & Younes Boujelbene, 2020. "A simultaneous equation model of economic growth and shadow economy: Is there a difference between the developed and developing countries?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 151-170, February.
    16. Van Poeck Andrè & Veiner Maret & Plasmans Joseph, 2007. "Wage flexibility in the new European Union members: How different form the “old” members?," wp.comunite 0006, Department of Communication, University of Teramo.
    17. Kamila Fialová, 2010. "Labor Institutions and their Impact on Shadow Economies in Europe," Working Papers IES 2010/29, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, revised Dec 2010.
    18. Adriana AnaMaria Davidescu (Alexandru) & Ion Dobre, 2013. "The Impact of Unemployment Rate on the Size of Romanian Shadow Economy," Public Finance Review, , vol. 41(5), pages 578-607, September.
    19. Maurizio Bovi & Roberto Dell’Anno, 2010. "The changing nature of the OECD shadow economy," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 19-48, January.
    20. Edward Christie & Mario Holzner, 2004. "Household Tax Compliance and the Shadow Economy in Central and Southeastern Europe," wiiw Balkan Observatory Working Papers 38, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    21. Sanchez Badini, Olivia & Hajjar, Reem & Kozak, Robert, 2018. "Critical success factors for small and medium forest enterprises: A review," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 35-45.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    tax wedge; employment; shadow employment; transition economies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sec:cnstan:0398. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Anna Budzynska (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/caseepl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.