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Diseño de mercado para la provisión de Seguridad Social: El Caso del Seguro de Invalidez y Sobrevivencia

Author

Listed:
  • Gonzalo Reyes

    (Studies Division, Chilean Pension Supervisor)

Abstract

Como parte de la reforma previsional aprobada recientemente en Chile, el gobierno introdujo un mecanismo centralizado de subasta para el Seguro de Invalidez y Sobrevivencia (SIS) que cubre parte importante de los más de 8 millones de participantes en el sistema privado de pensiones obligatorias. Este documento es un estudio de caso que presenta las principales distorsiones que se encontraron en la operación descentralizada del sistema que llevó a esta reforma y los desafíos enfrentados en el diseño de un mecanismo de subasta que deben realizar conjuntamente las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP). Cuando cada AFP contrataba independiente este seguro con una compañía de seguros el proceso no era competitivo, las empresas relacionadas terminaban prestando el servicio y las distorsiones afectaron la competencia en el mercado a través de incentivos para el “descreme” de afiliados entre AFP, los esfuerzos para dificultar las solicitudes de pensiones de invalidez, la falta de transparencia de los precios y la barrera a la entrada que representaba el contrato de seguro. Subsidios cruzados, la ineficiencia en el pool de riesgo y el arbitraje regulatorio también estuvieron presentes. La experiencia chilena es relevante ya que otros sistemas privatizados que contemplan la prestación descentralizada de este seguro pueden presentar problemas similares a medida que maduran. Un mecanismo de licitación centralizado soluciona estos fallos de mercado, pero también da lugar a nuevos desafíos, como la manera de diseñar una subasta competitiva que atraiga la participación y disuada la colusión. Características de diseño que se recogieron en la regulación para hacer frente a estas cuestiones son presentadas aquí..

Suggested Citation

  • Gonzalo Reyes, 2009. "Diseño de mercado para la provisión de Seguridad Social: El Caso del Seguro de Invalidez y Sobrevivencia," Working Papers 30, Superintendencia de Pensiones, revised Sep 2009.
    • Handle: RePEc:sdp:sdpwps:30
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alvin E. Roth, 2009. "What Have We Learned from Market Design?," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 9(1), pages 79-112.
    2. Steven Salop & Joseph Stiglitz, 1977. "Bargains and Ripoffs: A Model of Monopolistically Competitive Price Dispersion," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 44(3), pages 493-510.
    3. Gonzalo Reyes & Rubén Castro, 2008. "Medidas Pro-Competencia de la Reforma Previsional," Working Papers 29, Superintendencia de Pensiones, revised Dec 2008.
    4. Eduardo Saavedra & Manuel Willington, 2008. "Diseño de la Subasta Optima para el Seguro de Invalidez y Sobreviviencia en Chile," ILADES-UAH Working Papers inv209, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business.
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