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El Sistema Pensional en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • López, Martha
  • Sarmiento G., Eduardo

Abstract

En el documento se describe el sistema pensional colombiano. Luego de la reforma de la Ley 100 mejoraron las afiliaciones, lo cual implica un aumento también de las cotizaciones y la cobertura de los pensionados en el futuro. En la actualidad la cobertura de las pensiones es apenas 23% y menos de 1,5 millones de personas. Esto se debe, en parte, a la existencia de un mercado laboral con un sector informal amplio (47,3%). Las mayores tasas de reemplazo del sistema público con respecto al privado ocasionan traslados del segundo al primero, lo que pone más presión en las finanzas públicas. Por lo anterior, se propone establecer un sistema de 3 pilares vigente en otros países como Chile. Actualmente, por nivel de ingreso, cerca de 80% de los cotizantes corresponde a personas con menos de 2 SMMLV; sin embargo, un alto monto de los subsidios del RPM se destina a la población con mayores ingresos. El gasto en transferencias con cargo a la Nación fue de 3,4% del PIB y el pasivo pensional fue cercano al 130% del PIB. Teniendo en cuenta las anteriores consideraciones, en este documento se plantea la necesidad de una reforma pensional que mejore la cobertura, aumente las transferencias a la población más pobre y no incremente los requerimientos de presupuesto de la Nación.

Suggested Citation

  • López, Martha & Sarmiento G., Eduardo, 2019. "El Sistema Pensional en Colombia," Working papers 16, Red Investigadores de Economía.
    • Handle: RePEc:rie:riecdt:16
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. OECD & Inter-American Development Bank & World Bank Group, 2014. "Pensions at a Glance : Latin America and the Caribbean," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 21426.
    2. Leonardo Villar & Carmen Elisa Flórez & David Forero & Natalia Valencia-López & Nadia Puerta & Felipe Botero, 2015. "Protección económica a la población mayor en Colombia," Informes de Investigación 13895, Fedesarrollo.
    3. Leonardo Villar & David Forrero, 2018. "Elementos para una propuesta de reforma del sistema de protección económica para la vejez en Colombia," Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo 16253, Fedesarrollo.
    4. Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero, 2017. "El gasto público en Colombia: Algunos aspectos sobre su tamaño, evolución y estructura," Borradores de Economia 1003, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    5. Uthoff, Andras, 2001. "La reforma del sistema de pensiones en Chile: desafíos pendientes," Financiamiento para el Desarrollo 5090, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    6. Fox, M. Louise & Palmer, Edward, 2003. "La reforma del sistema de pensiones en Europa en el decenio de 1990: lecciones para América Latina," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
    7. Leonardo Villar & David Forero, 2018. "Elementos para una reforma al Sistema de Protección Económica a la Vejez en Colombia," Informes de Investigación 16844, Fedesarrollo.
    8. Uthoff, Andras, 2016. "Aspectos institucionales de los sistemas de pensiones en América Latina," Políticas Sociales 40869, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
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    Cited by:

    1. Juan Pablo Martinez Guzman & Travis St. Clair, 2021. "Pension reform and self‐employment in Latin America," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(4), pages 2230-2254, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Pensiones; cobertura; finanzas públicas; tasa de reemplazo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus
    • H68 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being

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