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The Sky is the Limit? The Determinants and Constraints of European Airports' Commercial Revenues

Author

Listed:
  • Franz Fuerst

    (School of Real Estate & Planning, Henley Business School, University of Reading)

  • Sven Gross

    (University of Applied Sciences Harz)

  • Ulf Klose

    (Airport Real Estate)

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of commercial and retail airport revenues as well as revenues from real estate operations. Cross-sectional OLS, 2SLS and robust regression models of European airports identify a number of significant drivers of airport revenues. Aviation revenues per passenger are mainly determined by the national income per capita in which the airport is located, the percentage of leisure travelers and the size of the airport proxied by total aviation revenues. Main drivers of commercial revenues per passenger include the total number of passengers passing through the airport, the ratio of commercial to total revenues, the national income, the share of domestic and leisure travelers and the total number of flights. These results are in line with previous findings of a negative influence of business travelers on commercial revenues per passenger. We also find that a high amount of retail space per passenger is generally associated with lower commercial revenues per square meter confirming decreasing marginal revenue effects. Real estate revenues per passenger are positively associated with national income per capita at airport location, share of intra-EU passengers and percent delayed flights. Overall, aviation and non-aviation revenues appear to be strongly interlinked, underlining the potential for a comprehensive airport management strategy above and beyond mere cost minimization of the aviation sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Franz Fuerst & Sven Gross & Ulf Klose, "undated". "The Sky is the Limit? The Determinants and Constraints of European Airports' Commercial Revenues," Real Estate & Planning Working Papers rep-wp2010-14, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    • Handle: RePEc:rdg:repxwp:rep-wp2010-14
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Choi, Jong Hae & Park, Yonghwa, 2022. "Exploring passenger and flight characteristics' impacts on airport retail income: Evidence from Incheon International Airport," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    3. Castillo-Manzano, José I. & López-Valpuesta, Lourdes & Sánchez-Braza, Antonio, 2018. "When the mall is in the airport: Measuring the effect of the airport mall on passengers’ consumer behavior," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 32-38.
    4. Tomová, Anna, 2016. "Are commercial revenues important to today's European air navigation service providers?," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 80-87.
    5. Choi, Jong Hae & Park, Yonghwa & Wang, Kun & Xia, Wenyi, 2020. "Whether low-cost-carrier passengers spend more on duty-free goods at the airport? Evidence from Incheon International Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    6. Fasone, Vincenzo & Kofler, Lukas & Scuderi, Raffaele, 2016. "Business performance of airports: Non-aviation revenues and their determinants," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 35-45.
    7. Wu, You & Morlotti, Chiara & Mantin, Benny, 2024. "Shopping or dining? On passenger dwell time and non-aeronautical revenues," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    8. Del Chiappa, Giacomo & Martin, Juan Carlos & Roman, Concepcion, 2016. "Service quality of airports' food and beverage retailers. A fuzzy approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 105-113.
    9. Thomas, Nivea & Jha, Kumar Neeraj, 2024. "Econometric evidence on the profits and revenues of Indian regional airports," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    10. Kidokoro, Yukihiro & Zhang, Anming, 2018. "Airport congestion pricing and cost recovery with side business," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 222-236.
    11. Jiang, Yonglei & Huang, Ailing & Gao, Shengguo & Yu, Shunan, 2024. "Relationship between the terminal built environment and airport retail revenue," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    12. Zuidberg, Joost, 2017. "Exploring the determinants for airport profitability: Traffic characteristics, low-cost carriers, seasonality and cost efficiency," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 61-72.
    13. Tavalaei, M. Mahdi, 2020. "Waiting time in two-sided platforms: The case of the airport industry," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    14. Silva, João & Kalakou, Sofia & Andrade, Antonio R., 2023. "Maximizing non-aeronautical revenues in airport terminals using gate assignment and passenger behaviour modelling," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
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    16. Adam Hoszman & Paweł Zagraje, 2021. "Aircraft-Related Charges in European Airports: Determinants and Differentiation," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 157-171.
    17. Wu, Hanjun & Tsui, Kan Wai Hong, 2020. "Does a reward program affect customers’ behavioural intention of visiting the airport? A case study of Singapore Changi Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    18. Ivaldi, Marc & Sokullu, Senay & Toru-Delibasi, Tuba, 2015. "Airport Prices in a Two-Sided Market Setting: Major US Airports," TSE Working Papers 15-587, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
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    20. Abbruzzo, Antonino & Fasone, Vincenzo & Scuderi, Raffaele, 2016. "Operational and financial performance of Italian airport companies: A dynamic graphical model," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 231-237.

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