Impacts Of Climate Change And Hazards On Key Sectors In Madagascar

Madagascar is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, facing a range of climate hazards such as tropical cyclones, droughts, floods, and rising sea levels. These hazards have profound effects on key sectors including agriculture, water and sanitation, health, education, and infrastructure, exacerbating poverty and food insecurity. The agricultural sector, which employs 80% of the population and contributes 25% to GDP, is particularly affected by erratic rainfall and extreme weather events, leading to significant crop losses and increased food insecurity. Water resources are under stress due to irregular rainfall patterns and contamination from cyclones, impacting both rural and urban populations. The health sector faces challenges from malnutrition, vector-borne diseases, and damage to healthcare infrastructure caused by extreme weather events. Education is disrupted by the destruction of school infrastructure and increased absenteeism due to food shortages and health issues. Infrastructure, particularly roads and energy systems, suffers from frequent damage due to cyclones and floods, hindering economic development and access to essential services. To address these challenges, Madagascar has implemented various adaptation strategies and policies, supported by international organizations. These include enhancing agricultural resilience, improving water resource management, climate-proofing health and educational infrastructure, and strengthening road and energy systems. Despite these efforts, the country's limited economic capacity and high poverty rates continue to hinder its ability to fully adapt to the changing climate. This report underscores the urgent need for continued and enhanced support to build climate resilience and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on Madagascar's key sectors.