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Development of the Cross-cultural Readiness Exposure Scale (CRES)

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  • Francois, Emmanuel Jean

Abstract

Perspectives of individuals who are involved in cross-cultural and cross-societal communications can be very insightful in facilitating authentic intercultural interactions. The Cross-cultural Readiness Exposure Scale (CRES) was developed to capture the level of readiness of individuals prior to intercultural interactions. The initial items were generated from focus groups involving undergraduate and graduate students in the United States. The items were pilot tested on a convenience sample of participants from various countries of the world. The CRES had sufficient validity and reliability, and can be used as a formative evaluation instrument to assess the level of readiness of individuals or groups who will be involved in intercultural interactions through study abroad, international service learning, internship abroad, or assignments in a foreign country.

Suggested Citation

  • Francois, Emmanuel Jean, 2015. "Development of the Cross-cultural Readiness Exposure Scale (CRES)," MPRA Paper 65910, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:65910
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J Stewart Black, 1988. "Work Role Transitions: A Study of American Expatriate Managers in Japan," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 19(2), pages 277-294, June.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Intercultural competence; cross-cultural competence; global competence; intercultural communication; study abroad; working abroad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H0 - Public Economics - - General
    • H00 - Public Economics - - General - - - General
    • H8 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • P0 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - General

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