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Human Capital and Poverty in Pakistan: Evidence from the Punjab Province

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  • Ali, Sharafat
  • Ahmad, Najid

Abstract

The role of human capital (education and health) is recognized both in theoretical and empirical economic literature. Better education and health services enhance productivity and earnings of the workers. So the present study is an attempt to assess the impact of human capital in poverty alleviation. A cross-sectional data of 34 districts of Punjab province was used for the analysis. Three equations have been estimated by using the ordinary least square method. Education and health services are found to have poverty lessening impact in the economy. The results are statistically robust as adjudged by the R-squared and F-value. The error terms of the estimated models fulfill the standard OLS assumptions. It is suggested that imparting of knowledge, training and skills in the people empowers them. Improved human resources increase the productivity and earnings of the workers. Furthermore, improved human capital can play its role in reducing multidimensional poverty and its severity. The study suggests a substantial increase in education and health expenditure by the government. Proper campaign to increase the enrollment can be fruitful. Every born child has its basic right to obtain basic education and health services. Provision of education and health services can help the poor to break the vicious cycle of poverty.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali, Sharafat & Ahmad, Najid, 2013. "Human Capital and Poverty in Pakistan: Evidence from the Punjab Province," MPRA Paper 48876, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Aug 2013.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:48876
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zafar Mueen Nasir & Hina Nazli, 2000. "Education And Earnings In Pakistan," PIDE-Working Papers 2000:177, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
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    5. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    6. Robert J. Barro, 2013. "Education and Economic Growth," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 14(2), pages 301-328, November.
    7. Thanasis Stengos & Aurangzeb Aurangzeb, 2008. "An empirical investigation of the relationship between education and growth in Pakistan," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 345-359.
    8. Romer, Paul M, 1990. "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 71-102, October.
    9. Awan, Masood Sarwar & Malik, Nouman & Sarwar, Haroon & Waqas, Muhammad, 2011. "Impact of education on poverty reduction," MPRA Paper 31826, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Musila, Jacob. & Belassi, Walid., 2004. "The impact of education expenditures on economic growth in Uganda: evidence from time series data," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 38(1), pages 123-133, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. A. Adedeji, Adebisi, 2022. "Apex Bank Intervention and Agricultural Development in Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 16-25, December.
    2. Clement Olalekan Olaniyi & James Temitope Dada & Nicholas Mbaya Odhiambo & Xuan Vinh Vo, 2023. "Modelling asymmetric structure in the finance-poverty nexus: empirical insights from an emerging market economy," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 453-487, February.
    3. Olalekan Ayub, Akeem & Shamsiyyah Iliya, Rahamatu & Mariam Ayo, Oyewole, 2022. "Determinants of Health Challenges and Healthcare Services Among Older People," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 49-66, December.
    4. Fang Li & Danchen Liu & Ping Gao & Haiying Shao & Suyan Shen, 2024. "Analysing how government-provided vocational skills training affects migrant workers’ income: A study based on the Livelihood Capital Theory," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Onyemechi Okocha, Desmond & P. Echoi, Michael P. Echoi, 2022. "Netizens' Detection and Mitigation of Crimes in the Digital Environment in Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 26-48, December.
    6. Robert Ike, Eke & Wilson Oziengbe, Anelu, 2022. "Effect of Tax Morale on Personal Income Tax Compliance in Edo State," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 67-81, December.
    7. Javad Barati & Sahar Soltani & Simin Froogh-Zadeh & Farzaneh Razaghian, 2017. "The Role of Human Capital Factors on Poverty in Informal Settlement: Informal Settlement of Sheikh-Hasan, Mashhad City, Iran," Journal of Sustainable Development, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(4), pages 1-22, July.
    8. Taiwo-Taiwo, Olakunbi & Campbell, Omolara & Adesina, Oluwatosin, 2022. "Contributory Effect of Value Added Tax to Tax Revenue in Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 102-111, December.
    9. Lilik Sugiharti, 2017. "The Determinants of Poverty: Case of Indonesia," GATR Journals gjbssr480, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise.
    10. Samuel Olusegun, Ajanaku & Oseni, Tunde, 2022. "Administrative Capacity and Service Quality of Local Governments in Oyo State, Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Olalekan Ayub, Akeem & Shamsiyyah Iliya, Rahamatu & Abubakar, Usman, 2022. "Health Seeking Behaviours of the Aged Population in Nigeria," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 82-101, December.
    12. Campbell, Omolara & Ogunro, Toluwalope, 2022. "Human Capital Development and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: Evidence from ARDL Model," Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), Lead City University, vol. 7(1), pages 112-123, December.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Multidimensional Poverty; Education; Health; Human capital; Punjab; Pakistan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C2 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • P36 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty

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