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An empirical investigation of the relationship between education and growth in Pakistan

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  • Thanasis Stengos
  • Aurangzeb Aurangzeb

Abstract

In this paper we try to examine the impact of education on growth in Pakistan for the time period of 1973-2001. Education, measured as gross enrollments and total expenditures, is broken down into primary, secondary and tertiary as well as by gender in each of the above categories. Time series techniques are used to determine whether education, for each category, has a causal impact on growth. The robustness of these results is then examined using the Levine-Renelt (1992) methodology. We find that secondary and higher education has a strong and robust impact on growth, whereas, at the primary level only initial female enrolments show a causal but not robust impact on growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Thanasis Stengos & Aurangzeb Aurangzeb, 2008. "An empirical investigation of the relationship between education and growth in Pakistan," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 345-359.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:intecj:v:22:y:2008:i:3:p:345-359
    DOI: 10.1080/10168730802294677
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ito, Takatoshi & Krueger, Anne O. (ed.), 1995. "Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experience," National Bureau of Economic Research Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226386706, September.
    2. Takatoshi Ito & Anne O. Krueger, 1995. "Introduction to "Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experience, NBER-EASE volume 4"," NBER Chapters, in: Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experience, NBER-EASE Volume 4, pages 1-6 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Takatoshi Ito & Anne O. Krueger, 1995. "Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experience," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number ito_95-2.
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    Cited by:

    1. Panagiotis Pegkas & Constantinos Tsamadias, 2017. "Are There Separate Effects of Male and Female Higher Education on Economic Growth? Evidence from Greece," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 8(1), pages 279-293, March.
    2. Rimsha Javed, 2021. "Nexus Between Economic Growth, Health, and Education in Pakistan: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 11(6), pages 56-65.
    3. Ali, Sharafat & Ahmad, Najid, 2013. "Human Capital and Poverty in Pakistan: Evidence from the Punjab Province," MPRA Paper 48876, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Aug 2013.
    4. Nooraddin Sharify, 2016. "Investigation for an Approach to Optimise the Structure of Human Force," Iranian Economic Review (IER), Faculty of Economics,University of Tehran.Tehran,Iran, vol. 20(3), pages 306-325, Summer.
    5. Gordon Abekah‐Nkrumah & Patrick Opoku Asuming & Hadrat Yusif, 2022. "The impact of an additional year in high school on academic performance at university: Evidence from a policy experiment in Ghana," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 40(6), November.

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    Keywords

    human capital; economic development;

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